Re: [tied] Digest Number 1239: re: "hogget"

From: tgpedersen
Message: 18845
Date: 2003-02-17

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Brian M. Scott" <BMScott@...>
wrote:
> At 5:23:39 PM on Saturday, February 15, 2003, John L. Berry
> wrote:
>
> [...]
>
> > "swidden"
>
> > Another odd word I'd like to know about is "swidden",
> > often used by anthropologists as a synonym for "slash and
> > burn agriculture", and to all appearances an English word,
> > but not in the Compact or Concise OED, Am Herit Dict or
> > Amer.Coll.Dict. It's a perfectly good Norse word (Sw:
> > "svida", to burn (the surface of something), OSw svitha,
> > Isl svitha (but with different "th"s). But how did it
> > become a technical term in anthropology, and why (or where
> > from) was it adopted in such an English form?
>
> It's in OED1 as a variant of <swithen> 'to burn, scorch,
> singe; to be singed', from ON <sviðna> 'to be singed';
> <swithen> is given as obsolete except in dialect. (ON
> <svíða> is rather the source of <swithe> 'to burn, scorch,
> singe', attested ca.1220.) <Swidden> 'to sweal or singe' is
> found in J.O. Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic Words
> (1850), marked as a Northern dialect term. (<Sweal> is
> referred to <swale>, the relevant gloss being 'to singe, or
> burn'.)
>
> The noun <swidden> 'a temporary agricultural plot produced
> by cutting back and burning off vegetative cover' is in MW
> online, dated ca.1868 and derived 'probably from Old Norse
> <svithinn>, past part. of <svitha>' (for which I read
> <svíðinn> and <svída>, resp.).
>
> Brian

Danish has 'svedjebrug' ('brug' in this constrained sense =
procedure, way of going about things, cf. German 'Gebrauch'). The
word sounds like a loan to me (Swedish or ON). I'll look it up. Cf.
another archaelogical term borrowed from Danish: 'køkkenmødding'.
Danish archaeology was organized very early on (the terms 'stone
age', bronze age' and 'iron age', were invented by the first director
of the National Museum in Copenhagen), based on a great general
interest in all things antiquarian, especially after the English fire-
rocketed Copenhagen, killing 1500 civilians, took the navy, and
Denmark went bankrupt in 1814 and lost Norway after the Napoleonic
war (eventually this interest led to the Germans in the duchies
Schleswig-Holstein, and elsewhere in Denmark finding us impossible,
causing the next two wars in 1848-50 and 1864, which lost us the
duchies).

Torsten