Re: Pre-Roman, or Celtic Iron Age in Denmark (500-0 BCE)

--- In cybalist@..., "ravichaudhary2000" <ravi9@...> wrote:

> --- In cybalist@..., "tgpedersen" <tgpedersen@...> wrote:
> > from:
> >
> > Erling Albrectsen
> >
> > Fynske Jernaldergrave I: Førromersk Jernalder, Einar Munksgaard,
> 1954
> >
> > [Iron Age Graves from Fyn: Pre-Roman Iron Age]
> >
> > "
> >
> > VI Conclusion
> >
> > ...
> >
> > This new material from Fyn >
> > In other words, Albrectsen is puzzled that there is gap in finds
> > between South and Southwest Jutland and those in Jutland north of
> the
> > Limfjord and in the east. Now, I speculate, does that possibly

mean

> > that South and South West Jutland were Celtic and the eastern and
> > nothern "cultural sphere" was (proto-) Germanic (ie. pre-Sciri

and

> > Bastarnae Germanic)? Perhaps Albretsen's "mid-Germanic" is

Celtic?

> > South and South Western Jutland are those areas of Jutland where
> > gender has disappeared in Danish, as it has in English, which has
> > (also?) a Celtic substrate.
> >
> > Torsten
>
> Trying to follow the discussion of Goths and Getae, this website

and

> article showed up.
>
> Q: The dates for the graves seem to be quite early, as well as the
> ability to align them.
>
> Any validity here ?
>
>
>
> Ravi
>
> http://gotland.luma.com/Uppsala.html
>
> The Great Pagan Midwinter Sacrifice
> and the Royal Mounds at Uppsala
> (by Göran Henriksson, Astronomical Observatory in Uppsala, extract
> from article in Tor 27)
>
>
> According to the established interpretation, the great pagan
> midwinter sacrifice in Uppsala took place every ninth year. After

the

> introduction of Christianity, this tradition was preserved by the
> Disting (Disa Thing), which included an assembly and a market.
>
> By combining historical data and calculations of the dates of the
> full moons within the Disting period, it has been possible to
> establish the exact years of the cycle, for example, AD 852 the

same

> year as St. Ansgar's second missionary journey to Birka.
>
> At the end of the 17th century, the Uppland farmers were still

using

> King Aun's rule, according to which the phases of the moon in the
> Julian calendar fell a day earlier after 304 years. Such
> displacements in the eihgt- year cycle took place in 1692, 1388,
> 1084, 780 and 476. The semi-legendary King Aun is considered to

have

> reigned about AD 450-500 and was buried in Uppsala. The

three "royal"

> burial mounds there have been dated by Sune Lindqvist to AD 450-

550.

> Summary of the article
> Old Uppsala (Gamla Uppsala), a few kilometres north of the modern
> city of Uppsala, was the old, Swedish, heathen cult-centre, famous
> for its three, large, "royal", burial mounds. In 1986, I noticed

that

> these three mounds had been carefully aligned and had the same
> orientation as the majority of the Swedish passage graves. It was
> also possible to relate this orientation to the lunisolar calendar
> that was used to determine the date of the periodic sacrifice of
> humans and animals at the midwinter full moon every eight years,
> according to the lunar, eight- year cycle. Representatives from the
> whole country had to take part in this sacrifice, in which 72

males -

> one human and seven animals - were hanged in a holy tree every day
> for nine days.
>
> The oldest description of this sacrifice was written by a German
> missionary, Adam of Bremen, in 1075. According to him, there was a
> great sacrifice in Uppsala every ninth year, but this interval is
> probably due to a misunderstanding. In the old Nordic language, the
> first year was counted from the first day of that year and after
> eight years the ninth year was reached. Therefore the meaning of

the

> text is that this sacrifice took place every eighth year, as we

would

> say.
>
> The three mounds are oriented in the direction in which the sun set
> on 3 November and 8 February. In ancient Sweden, the year started

at

> the first new moon after the 21st of October, according to the

modern

> calendar. This means that the first full moon of the year could
> earliest appear at the 4th of November, only one day after the sun
> set in the direction in which the northern sides of the three

mounds

> were oriented. This difference is insignificant, because the dates

of

> the full moon were computed by runic-calendar sticks (runstavar)

with

> the full moon marked only at 19 fixed dates within each month.
>
> Three lunar months later, on 8 February, the sun sets again in the
> same direction. Another three lunar months later, on 29 April, the
> sun rises in the opposite direction. Every 19th year, the moon will
> be full on all three of these days.
>
> By comparing historical events with computations of full moons, it
> has been possible to identify the unique, eight- year cycle for

this

> important midwinter sacrifice (Henriksson 1991, 1992). It took

place

> at the full moon that occurred in our calendar between 28 January

and

> 26 February, the so-called Disa Thing period (Distingsperioden).

The

> first day of the sacrificial period, 28 January, may have been
> defined by observations of the setting sun at the top of Tunåsen,

the

> highest natural hill in the otherwise flat landscape, from an

upright

> stone on Tingshögen, the fourth large but flat mound.
>
> The same dates were already important in the Neolithic calendar

that

> was marked by grooves in the bed rock on the island of Gotland in

the

> Baltic and by the orientation of the passage graves in

Västergötland.

> The oldest were made on 27 January 3294 BC and the passage graves

can

> be dated to 3300 BC (Henriksson 1983,1985, 1989, 1992, 1994).
>
> On the last day, 26 February, the sun set on top of the originally
> smaller, Middle Mound, the oldest of the three "royal" mounds. This
> mound has been dated by Sune Lindqvist to AD 450-500 and may be the
> tomb of the semi-legendary King Aun or Ane the Old, who is believed
> to have reigned sometime in this period, (Lindqvist 1955). There

was

> a 304-year period, called Aun's period after this king, at the
> beginning of which the full moon would occur one day earlier in the
> Julian calendar, (Rudbeck 1689). Such an event took place in the

year

> 1692.
> Counting backwards in 304-year intervals, we arrive at the year 476
> as a likely starting-point for the cycle, if it is to be connected
> with King Aun. This would mean that the Julian calendar
> must have been introduced into Sweden no later than this year
> (Henriksson 1992).
>
> For more information please contact
> tore.gannholm@...

Erling Haagensen recently, in connection with a book and a TV report
on Rennes-le-Chateau and Knights Templar and Arcadia and all that
showed that the world famous (in Denmark) round churches on Bornholm
were inscribed in an intricate pattern, just as the one some of the
readers might know to exist in Southern France. Now the question is
this: Since churches were placed on ancient holy sites, how old is
this "grid" or pattern? (Don't forget that Zalmoxis, a forerunner in
the chain of "wizards" Jordanes sets up, was a slave in Pythagoras'
household: Ah, mystery, mathematics, secret societies, surveyors).

I just recently bought a book on sale on Ancient Astronomy, written
by some woman astronomer around 1900; but I forgot the book in a bus!
Dammit! Now I will probably never see it again. I hasten to write
what I remember: Greek and Hindu Astronomy have the same common
origin, and were instigated around 6000 BCE; on a Assyrian list of
foreign deities one "Asara Mazza" occurs (note proto-II -s- for -h-),
and, since their emblems were almost identical (both look a bit like
the one on Scroge McDuck's money bin), Assur was a loan from a
*Median* Ahura Mazda.

Torsten