(1) Middle Iranian vowel changes
(monophthongisations and raisings): *ai > *e: > *i:, *au > *o: >
*u:. Possible example: Russian irej (kraj) [~ vyrej ~ vyraj] 'fabulous land
in the south' < *irIjI (from *i:rya- < *airya-). Such changes
occurred parallelly in different dialects and are hard to date accurately, but
suggest borrowing after ca. 300 BC.
(2) Loss of *þ in *-þr- > *-hr- >
*-:r-, datable to late Arsacid Parthian or later (ca. 1st-2nd c.). Example:
*mirU.
(3) Other lenitions, esp. voicing of
intervocalic stops. Again, these changes took place independently at different
times in different dialects, but if they can be seen in loans, they point to
contacts with Middle Iranian rather than Old Iranian languages.
(4) Words of Iranian origin shared by
Slavic and Gothic (this suggests interaction ca. AD 250-375).
My view is that linguistic contacts between
Iranian and Slavic (Proto-Slavic, even Proto-Baltic/Slavic) occurred more or
less regularly from Proto-Indo-Iranian (before 2000 BC) to Alanic times. Their
intensity was greater when Iranian political and cultural influence was
stronger. The oft-quoted religious loans are probably "Sarmatian" rather than
"Scythian", and may have been absorbed as the Slavs began to penetrate the
steppe zone.
Piotr
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Sunday, December 09, 2001 3:54 PM
Subject: Re: [tied] Iranic in Slavic
Thank you, Piotr.
Could you please list formal marks (like *U
versus *o in *dUn-) which can help in dating Iranian borrowings?
It is very interesting to me, what is your opinion (well
scientifically grounded or just intuitional one) about Slavic-Iranian
interaction.
Was it a long-term (lasting for long centuries) interaction between
Proto-Slavic cultures and different neighbouring tribes of the East Iranian
origin?
Or there was a period when a common society consisting of Slavic and
Iranian components (either as a result of conquering of one of them by the other
side or as a peaceful symbiosis - no matter) existed when Iranians
mainly contributed to Slavic (+ minor sporadic loans from other
Iranian sources in other periods)?