Re: [tied] Will East and West ever meet?

> *?es- "to be" and *?ed- "to eat" are among my list. However, I,
> for one, doubt that early stages of IndoEuropean used any verb
> at all in equational sentences (much like the situation in Arabic
> or Swahili).

Just a small pedantic correction. Swahili does use a copula (ni),
but for example russian or turkish (although you can have an
optional copula (an innovation not more than 1000 y.o)) and as
you mentioned, arabic are good examples.

Harald