Re: The Wends and the Venedi

From: Steve Woodson
Message: 1232
Date: 2000-01-29

Martin Girchys-Shetty wrote:

> This question of the Slavic, Baltic and Germanic relations is certainly
> very interesting. And complex too. Archaeology of North-Eastern Europe
> has suffered much in the times of the cold war, either because of
> little interest, or because of misguided interest - as it was the case
> with Davydovna Gurevich excavating East Prussia and then distorting her
> data in favor of Soviet inspired pro-Slavic (pan-Balto-Slavic?)
> propaganda.
>
> The Baltic, Slavic and Germanic relations along the Eastern Baltic
> coast are still disputed. Vistula is certainly a juncture point where
> these three most frequently interacted. Considering the Veneti in those
> areas as Baltic traders, the posibility of Baltic origin is often
> ignored, possibly because of the scarce data available on
> Baltic-Germanic relations in the area. With the appearance of Goths
> near the Vistula, their origin, I believe, is sometimes attributed to
> either Gothland (the island) or somewhere further, Sweden perhaps. It
> is interesting that from the cultural aspect, the Gothland and the
> Eastern Baltic coast can be linked. The burrial mound culture of
> Gothland and the burrial mound culture of Samlandia (E. Prussia) with
> their concentric stone circles are almost identical. It is still hard
> to determine wherefrom this culture spread. The majority of these
> monuments are found in Western Lithuania and in Courland(Lat.). It may
> allude to some close Balto-Germanic cultural relations in regard to the
> early Goths and Prussians and Couronians. You can even take into
> account the linguistic closeness of Prussian to Gothic.But no certain
> conclusions can be drawn from this yet, because geographical Prussia
> has not yet been excavated by modern archaeologists thoroughly enough.
>
> In fact the very chornology of the Eastern Baltic is lergely disputed.
> There was a publication by Ochmansky, refering to the posibility of
> "Vened" substrata in Lithuania, mainly by toponymic and hydronimic
> data. Gimbutas has attributed the arrival of the Indo-Europeans in tha
> area to the spread of the Kurgan culture, but there isn't as much
> evidence for it as one would like. New interpretations propose that
> the first migration waves included Indo-Europeans and that in fact that
> the burrial-mound culture evolved from the Narva culture which was
> spread across the coastal areas of Latvia and Estonia. Again, this does
> not correlate with the findings in Prussia and Western Lithuania -
> where the Zucewo (Haffkuesten Kultur) was dominant. With so many
> uncertainties, the spread of the Indo-Europeans in the area cannot be
> firmly determined. Once the traditional ideas about Baltic migrations
> are disputed, the linguistic classification of East-Baltic as primary
> and West Baltic as peripheral can become no longer valid. It is quite
> possible that it was the Western Balts that were the first to firmly
> establish themselves in the area. I won't go so deep as to discuss the
> question of substrata (Fino-Ugric, Vened) influence among the Eastern
> Balts which must be responsible for the presence of Illative and
> Allative cases in those languages. In teh context of this discussion,
> it is more worthy to note the situation with the Wetern Balts. Old
> Prussian preserved many more archaic features than other Baltic
> languages. In all cases up until the late middle ages it is the Western
> Balts who seem the most firmly grounded, both materialistically and
> culturally. As noted by letters of Theodoric, the Prussians had
> established some form of trade with Europe in the 6th century. Perhaps
> their contact with the Goths was never broken in the first place.
> Taking note of the Roman loot found in Prussian burrial sites, it is
> quite possible that they participated in the Gothic raids on the Roman
> Empire.
>
> I guess I have no conclusion. The question of Germanic-Baltic relations
> prior to the 13th century crusades has not been analyzed by historians
> well enough. Neither has the question of Vened presence amoung the
> Balts been properly adressed by historians or otherwise. That is a big
> gap, but seems interesting enough to be explored in the future. Please
> excuse me for my superficial knowledge of the subject. Amoung the few
> books that I have about Baltic archaeology, I find many contradictions
> in the proposed hypotheses. I believe I simply wanted to bring to
> attention another set of factors that may cross roads with the
> questions pertaining to Venetic presence in Northern Europe and
> Germanic-Slavic relations in the same area.
>
> Martin
>
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Martin,
Like you I'm new to this. This is my second post. To all members I want you to know
that reading all of your discussions and theories makes me feel like I'm 30 yrs. younger,
back in university again. Thank you all.
Martin you mentioned in your post the possibility of a Baltic origin of the Veneti. I
asked Piotr, in my previous post, what he might know about Venetic settlements along the
Baltic. He was kind enough to give me a very detailed response. He also mentioned about
the Lausitz culture that it may have, in part, been Illyrian.
In his book "The Germanic People, Their Origin, Expansion and Culture" Francis Owen
mentions the Illyrians living on the middle and lower Oder River. Hermann Schreiber,
"Teuton and Slav, A Struggle for Central Europe", mentions a similar, unnamed, settlement
neither Slav or German. Both agree that when they left the area they were accompanied by a
Germanic tribe. These are the Bastarnae, according to Owen.
What I'm wondering is instead of Illyrians could the people actually have been the Veneti?
I believe that the Gothic culture you mention (circles) is the Wielbark Culture that
expanded south from the coast down the Vistula.
I agree, it's too bad that politics has to interfere with historical/archeological
study. The truth only matters if it benefits the state. Everyone loses.
Again, thanks to everyone. This is truly a learning experience for me.

Steve Woodson
Lake Havasu, Arizona, U.S.A.