The rules have been set up, by Richard Wordingham, to transform Latin to Romanian. While there are still several known errors, faults may be raised at the Balkanika Yahoo group or at the Cybalist Yahoo group.
fratrem fratra:tus soro:re:s //Work is needed on soro:ri:s //rule for plural // Stress example only // Compounded in Romanian, // not Latin fratescus * Last revised 18 January 2004 - not complete. * Sound classes: V=aeiouy:AEO1&% C=bcdfg3hjklmnprs$tvwz F=Eeij P=bfmpv G=gk A=ae * Duplication in J simplifies evolution of /kj/ etc - matched to sequence in Z. * Possibly /s/ should be added to Z. J=c3c3$ Z=kgtd U=ou * Stress indicator X=!. * Standardise orthography. ph/f/_ h//_ qu/kw/_ gu/gw/_V c/k/_ x/ks/_ y/i/_ i/j/#_V i/j/V_V * Insert stress mark. a/.a/_ e/.e/_ i/.i/_ o/.o/_ u/.u/_ * Repair diphthongs a.e/ae/_ o.e/oe/_ a.u/au/_ * Monosyllables ./!/#(CCCC)_V(VCC)# * Penultimate long by nature ./!/_VV(CCCC).V(VCC)# * Penultimate long by position ./!/_VCC(CC).V(VCC)# * Other disyllables ./!/#(CCCC)_V(CCCC).V(VCC)# * Other cases ./!/_V(VCCCC).V(VCCCCC).V(VCC)# * Loss of final m m//_# * Loss of final t t//_# * ns -> s n/:/_s ::/:/_ * Loss of final s (Eastern Romance only) s//_# * Yodicisation - this needs more work. * As urged at 28557, now applied after all consonants. * .e/j/Z_XV * .i/j/Z_XV .e/j/C_XV .i/j/C_XV * Vowel reorganisation - * http://groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/18147 * Lose length e/E/_ E:/e/_ i/e/_ e:/i/_ * Western Romance back vowels: ** o/O/_ ** O:/o/_ ** u/o/_ ** o:/u/_ * /a:/ and Eastern Romance back vowels ://_ * Monphthongisation aE/E/_ oE/e/_ * Only 6 unstressed vowels .E/.e/_ * Following made an early rule - Cybalist 29751 * One of the rules from Cybalist 18207 .o/.u/_ * Keep this rule handy. * Syncopation ** V//._(C).V(VCC)# ** .//_(C).# * Labialisation kt/pt/_ ks/ps/_ gn/mn/_ amn/aun/_ w//k_XF w//g_XF kw/p/_ gw/b/_ * Consequent assimilation np/mp/_ nb/mb/_ * What about nf and nv? * From Cybalist Message 18412 and others, but in Bourciez only * when combined with prior loss of final -t. n//_# * Softening - as Cybalist Message 18412. Z/J/_j k/c/_XF g/3/_XF scj/$/_ j//J_!U cj/tz/_ 3j/z/_ sc/$t/_ st/$t/_XF * Rhoticisation l/r/V_XV * http://groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/18147 rules: * Rule 1: o/u/!_n * Rule 13: (Northern) E/1/P!_nC(CCC).u * Rule 2: E/e/!_m E/e/!_nC * Rule 12: (Northern) (My interpretation) e/1/P!_nXV e/1/s!_nXV e/1/Cr!_nXV * Rule 3: n/Y/am_ n/Y/a_n a/1/!_n a/1/!_mC Y/n/_ * Rule 4 Part 1 - Breaking E/Y/r!_ E/ie/!_ Y/E/_ * Rule 2c (must follow generation of /ie/) ie/i/!_n * Rule 4 Part 2 - Softening of dentals * Include rest of rule for simplicity! t/tz/_Xi d/z/_Xi * Interaction of next with Rule 2b should be checked! s/$/_Xi * Rule 2b: (Clarified! Note the handling of the exceptions.) emn/Y/_ e/i/!_n e/i/!_mC Y/emn/_ * Rules 5 and 6: e/ea/!(i)_(CCCC).A# * Rule 7: o/oa/!_(CCCC).A# * Standardise soft l from various sources lj/l^/_ * Loss and reduction of /ll/, from Cybalist 18412, from Bourciez. ill/il^/_ ll//V_Xa# ll/l/_ a.a/.a/V_ * Rule 4 Part 4 - Absorption by dentals. s/$/_!iV i//$!_V i//zX_V * Rule 4 Part 3 - Absorptions by palatals i//J!_V * Rule of Cybalist 18357 e//J!_V e//z!_V * Completion of reduction of /ella/ .//V_a# * Rule 8 (Northern) ea/e/!(i)_(CCCC).e# * Rule 9 e//!i_a * Rule 10 (Northern) ea/a/P!_ * Rule 11: (Why did I once omit initial * #? Need was shown at Cybalist 29659) i/1/#r!_ * Palatalisation changes needed here: l/^/G_ * Rule 14: u/i/^!_ * Rule 15: (Northern) a/e/^!_ * Rule 16: (Northern) e/&/P!_(CCCC).u# * Rule 17: (Northern) a/&/!_(CCCC).i# * General degemination, form Bourciez via Cybalist 18412. * Degemination needs lost of rules, alas! * Shortcut degemination, and risk including non-existent changes. J//_J Z//_Z * No good short cuts for the following: bb/b/_ ff/f/_ mm/m/_ nn/n/_ pp/p/_ rr/r/_ ss/s/_ vv/v/_ zz/z/_ * Rules from groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/18207: * The following rule may be morphologically conditioned (yuck!) a/1/._n a/1/._m # Need to get following to work with foaie. a/e/^._# a/e/j._# * Cybalist 18412: nj/i/_ * No other Cj changes to consider, so simplify. * This could be wrong - with luck it will show up. j//C_ * Back to Cybalist 18207 a/Y/#._ a/&/._ Y/a/_ e/1/#._nC e/1/#._mC * (s) added in accordance with Cybalist 17479. e/&/#(s)P._ e/&/#r._ e/&/#s._ * At one stage I didn't have C befrore r, l. * Why? 18/01/03 i/Y/Cr._# i/Y/Cl._# i/^/_# Y/i/_ * Following made an early rule - Cybalist 29751 * .o/.u/_ .u//_# * Other changes needed here: l//G_ E/e/_ * Clean up the spelling X//_ ^//_F c/cY/_F 3/gY/_F g/gh/_F c/ce/_V 3/3e/_V e/i/J_U 3/g/_V ^/i/_# * /3/ before consonants? Y//_ k/ch/_F k/c/_