a

a

A

ɑ

a”

ɐ

A”

ɒ

a*

-- (rounded [ɐ])

&

ə

&”

ɘ

&*

ɵ

@

(ə)

@”

(ɘ)

@*

(ɵ)

æ

æ

æ”

-- (rounded [æ])

Æ

ɶ

b

b

B

ß

b”

(ɓ)

B”

B

c

ts

c”

tɕ

c*

(tʃ)

ç

(ç)

c^

tʃ

d

d

D

ð

d”

(ɗ)

ð

(ð)

d^

(ɟ)

d.

ɖ

e

e

E

ɛ

E”

ɜ

E*

ɞ

f

f

F

(ɸ)

g

g

G

ɣ

g”

(ɠ)

G”

G

G*

(ʛ)

g^

ɟ

G^

ʝ

h

h

H

ħ

h”

ɦ

H”

H

h*

ɧ

i

i

I

I

i”

ɨ

I”

-- (lowered [ɨ])

j

j

J

(tʲ)

j”

(ʝ)

k

k

k^

c

l

l

L

ɬ

l”

ɮ

L”

L

l*

ɺ

£

tɬ

£”

dɮ

l^

ʎ

l.

ɭ

m

m

M

(ã)

m”

ɱ

n

n

N

ŋ

N”

N

n^

ɲ

n.

ɳ

o

o

O

ɔ

o*

ɤ

ø

ø

Ø

œ

p

p

P

ɸ

q

q

r

r

R

ʁ

r”

ɹ

R”

R

r*

ɾ

r^

ɼ

r.

ɽ

R.

(ɻ)

r”.

ɻ

s

s

S

ʃ

s”

ɕ

S”

(ʃ)

s*

(s, ʃ)

S*

(ʃ)

s^

ʃ

s.

ʂ

t

t

T

θ

þ

(θ)

t^

(c)

t.

ʈ

u

u

U

U

u”

ʉ

U”

-- (lowered [ʉ])

u*

ɯ

U*

-- (lowered [ɯ])

v

v

V

ʌ

v”

ʋ

w

w

W

ʍ

w”

ɰ

x

x

X

χ

x^

ç

y

y

Y

Y

y”

ɥ

z

z

Z

ʒ

z”

ʑ

Z”

(ʒ)

z*

(z, ʒ)

Z*

(ʒ)

3

dz

3”

dʑ

3*

dʒ

z^

ʒ

3^

dʒ

z.

ʐ

?

ʔ

?”

ʡ

¿

ʕ

¿”

ʢ

stress

fòUn&tÍS&n

extra high

e5

rising

e15 (é)

long

e:

high

e4

falling

e51 (è)

half-long

e;

mid

e3

high rising

e45

extra-short

e[

low

e2

low rising

e12

syllable break

r”i·ækt

extra low

e1

rising-falling

e454 (ê)

minor group

|

downstep

/\

global rise

/

major group

||

upstep

/\

global fall

\

linking

_

ejective

p` t`

breathy voiced

bH” aH”

voiceless

n° d°

creaky voiced

b?” a?”

voiced

s% t%

linguolabial

t< d<

aspirated

tH dH

labialized

tW dW

more rounded

O)

palatalized

t’ d’ (tJ dJ)

less rounded

O(

velarized

tG dG

advanced

u+

pharyngealized

t¿” d¿”

retracted

i-

velarized/pharyngealized

l~

centralized

ë

raised

e/ r”/

mid-centralized

e×

lowered

e\ B\

syllabic

r”,

ATR

e>

non-syllabic

e_

RTR

e<

rhoticity

&R

dental

t# d#

apical

t{ d{

laminal

t= d=

nasalized

ã (aM)

nasal release

dN

lateral release

dL

unreleased

d¬

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