Re: Proper case, and how to indicate 'to' a place, and 'into' a place?

the question which case to use depends on various factors. Direction can be expressed by the acc. (describes the goal of the movement), dat (describes the goal together with the motivation) and loc. (describes the place where the object will be after the movement is completed). Thus one factor is the aspect you want to express. Another factor might be the verb, since some verbs are used with specific cases. This in general can be found in the dictionaries. Furthermore, a usage can change in the course of time, thus it might be that in early texts another case is used than in later texts, or it might be that a specific case is used in one genre of text, whereas in another genre another one is used.

The acc. of direction is used together with the acc. of the object in case of transitive verbs as āharati. Thus it could be gharaṃ lekhanaṃ āhareyyāsi. If you want to stress that the letter should be brought into the house I would use the loc. ghare lekhanaṃ āhareyyāsi.

If you search the Pali databank you will see that ā-harati is used with the acc., and the loc.; I did not see the dat. being used together with it. For instance yo pana bhikkhu adinnaṃ mukhadhvāraṃ āhāraṃ āhareyya (Vin IV 90,9f.) "If any bhikkhu should convey to the opening of his mouth food that has not been given". Or loc. kumāro ... kaṭṭhaṃ vā kaṭhalaṃ vā mukhe āhareyya (MN I 395) "if the child were to put a stick or a pebble in his mouth".

I would recommend to use a syntax in addition to the grammar. If you are able to read German the one by von Hinüber (Kasussyntax) can be recommended, otherwise you should use one of those available in English (Wijesekera, Syntax of the cases in the Pāli Nikāyas).

Am 20.09.2016 um 14:20 schrieb Chris Valade cjvalade@... [palistudy]:

With the sentence, "Tvaŋ khippaŋ gantvā gharassa lekhanaŋ āhareyyāsi?" (“Would you go immediately and bring the letter to the house?”), I'm correct to have 'ghara' ('house') in the Dat., correct?

I considered Acc. as the goal of motion, but it seems to not make any sense if it's in the Acc. I considered Loc., but it's not 'house' that is supporting the action, but instead the recipient of the action. Or would putting 'house' in the Loc. make it mean "bring the letter in the house" ... ah! That would mean that the letter is located inside the house, no?

How would one construct it in Pāḷi to say to "bring the letter into the house" as distinct form "bring the letter to the house"? I'm guessing that there is a preposition that would have to be used?

The original sentence is 'me' instead of 'house,' but it seemed easier to ponder the different cases with 'house' instead of 'me.' From Nārada, Lesson 12, Exercise B12.

Mettā,
Chris