Re: Sn 1055 panujja viññāṇaṃ bhave na tiṭṭhe

From: Bryan Levman
Message: 3878
Date: 2014-08-02


Dear Ven. Bodhi, Petra, Jim, Dmytro, and friends.
 
I think the reason for the confusion over panujja (as both an imperative and absolutive) is that praṇudyāt  in Sanskrit is a precative form (third sign.) with the force of an optative ("he should dispel") or an imperative. praṇudyāḥ is the second person singular and they would both change to panujjā in Pāli (or most Prakrits) and to panujja in this tiṭṭhubh  verse (the third syllable must be short).
 
There are some  examples of praṇudyāt in the Petersburg dictionary. In the Mahābharata we find
nāvamanyed abhigataṃ ' na praṇudyāt (v.l. °ṇudyet) kathaṃ cana / (Mbh.
13.62.13ab) “One should never despise or drive away a visitor.” (in http://starling.rinet.ru/~sergius/AAZal_RgVeda/bibliotheka/Kulikov._Yet-optative.pdf). In the article quoted Kulikov equates the precative with a -yet optative, which this also may be.

praṇudyāt is also a first aorist form (3rd sing. in Sanskrit), out of interest.
 
panujja is also an absolutive derived from Sanskrit praṇudya, > Pāli pranujja. Because of phonological simplification (pra- > pa, and -dy- > -jj-) and  the two forms merge in Middle Indic, so the verse could be read either way.
 
If one checks Fausboll's edition there are two variants for panujja (panuñva [= praṇudasva? 2nd imperative, ātmanepada?] and panuñja) indicating that there has been confusion on the form of the verb for a long time.
 
My inclination now is to read all three verbs as second sing. optative for parallelism purposes. As for rejecting viññānaṃ being a late commentarial concept I think of SN 2, 94, 61 (1) where the Buddha equates manas, citta and viññānaṇam and says they should all be rejected:
 
“yañca kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, vuccati cittaṃ itipi, mano itipi, viññāṇaṃ itipi, tatrāssutavā puthujjano nālaṃ nibbindituṃ nālaṃ virajjituṃ nālaṃ vimuccituṃ. taṃ kissa hetu? dīgharattañhetaṃ, bhikkhave, assutavato puthujjanassa ajjhositaṃ mamāyitaṃ parāmaṭṭhaṃ — ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti. tasmā tatrāssutavā puthujjano nālaṃ nibbindituṃ nālaṃ virajjituṃ nālaṃ vimuccituṃ. (for translation see Bodhi 2000, page 595) - not to mention the numerous places in the canon where the Buddha urges us to feel revulsion towards (nibbindati) consciousness as one of the five khandas.
 
One might also consider a parallel verse  in the next sutta (Dhotakamāṇavapucchā)
 
“yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsi, (dhotakāti bhagavā)
uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe.
etaṃ viditvā saṅgoti loke, bhavābhavāya mākāsi taṇhan”ti. (Burmese 1074, PTS 1068)
 
Where the last verb is definitely an imperative (aorist injunctive in Sanksrit or prohibitive), preceded by an abosolutive (viditvā), which of course is another possibility for the verse in question,
 
With best wishes,
 
 
Bryan
 
PS to Jim: The people still outnumber the moose in Newfoundland, but you're right, they're all over the place and a staple of the Newfoundlanders' diet.


On Saturday, August 2, 2014 5:09:16 AM, "Dmytro Ivakhnenko aavuso@... [palistudy]" <palistudy@yahoogroups.com> wrote:


 
Dear Bhante,

> As I said in an earlier post, the suttas generally assert that it is the defilements that are to be dispelled, not viññāṇa, while it is viññāṇa that departs from bhava with the passing away of the arahant (as in SN 12:38: … ārammaṇametaṃ na hoti viññāṇassa ṭhitiyā. Ārammaṇe asati patiṭṭhā viññāṇassa na hoti. Tadappatiṭṭhite viññāṇe avirūḷhe āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti na hoti).

Cetana sutta, SN 12:38, tells about the viññāṇa becoming unstationed (appatiṭṭhita) during the lifetime of the Arahant. Otherwise it wouldn't indicate an acting subject:

Yato ca kho bhikkhave, no ceva ceteti, no ca pakappeti, no ca anuseti, ārammaṇametaṃ na hoti viññāṇassa ṭhitiyā.
 
"But when one doesn't intend, arrange, or obsess [about anything], there is no support for the stationing of consciousness."
 
Please note here a similar transition between subject-oriented description in the first part of the sentence, and impersonal description in the second part. When viññāṇa is unestablished, subject-oriented terms no longer apply.
 
This event of viññāṇa becoming unstationed during this lifetime is the essence of attaining Nibbana in this lifetime. Sariputta describes the diṭṭha-dhamma-nibbāna in Naḷakalāpiyo sutta, as:

Tāsañce āvuso, naḷakalāpīnaṃ ekaṃ apakaḍḍheyya, ekā papateyya, aparañce apakaḍḍheyya, aparā papateyya. Evameva kho āvuso, nāmarūpanirodhā viññāṇanirodho, viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho.

"If one were to pull away one of those sheaves of reeds, the other would fall; if one were to pull away the other, the first one would fall. In the same way, from the cessation of name-&-form comes the cessation of consciousness, from the cessation of consciousness comes the cessation of name-&-form.

http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn12/sn12.067.than.html

This reliance of viññāṇa on nāmarūpa is described in Mahanidana sutta as having a foothold (patiṭṭha) in it:

‘‘‘Nāmarūpapaccayā viññāṇa’nti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, tadānanda, imināpetaṃ pariyāyena veditabbaṃ, yathā nāmarūpapaccayā viññāṇaṃ. Viññāṇañca hi, ānanda, nāmarūpe patiṭṭhaṃ na labhissatha, api nu kho āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ dukkhasamudayasambhavo paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.

"'From name-and-form as a requisite condition comes consciousness.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how from name-and-form as a requisite condition comes consciousness. If consciousness were not to gain a foothold in name-and-form, would a coming-into-play of the origination of birth, aging, death, and stress in the future be discerned?

"No, lord."

http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.15.0.than.html

In Sutta terms, this can be described as 'touching' (phusati) Nibbana ( http://dhamma.ru/forum/index.php?topic=230.msg13227#msg13227 ). In the terms of Commentary - lokuttara jhana, with Nibbāna as object.

With best wishes,
                             Dmytro

Pali Terms



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