Re: Semantics of /ud-/ vs/ /u.d.d.-/

Dear Eisel,

> I have yet to see an instance where "fly up", "arise", etc., is
> semantically wrong, but as I puzzle at this, it seems to me likely
> that some older form (that was once something more exotic) may have
> been simplified to /ud-/, /u.d.d-/ or /udd-/.

The form 'ud' is very old. You may be interested in the following on the
upasargas from Yaska's Nirukta, the oldest Indian treatise on etymology
(circa 7th-6th cent. B.C.E.):

1,3: aa.ity.arvaag.arthe.pra.paraa.ity.etasya.praatilomyam
1,3: abhi.ity.aabhimukhyam.prati.ity.etasya.praatilomyam
1,3: ati.su.ity.abhipuujita.arthe.nir.dur.ity.etayo.h.praatilomyam
1,3: ny.ava.iti.vinigraha.arthiiyaa.ud.ity.etayo.h.praatilomyam
1,3: sam.ity.ekii.bhaavam.vy.apa.ity.etasya.praatilomyam
1,3: anv.iti.saad.r"sya.apara.bhaavam
1,3: api.iti.sa.msargam
1,3: upa.ity.upajanam
1,3: pari.iti.sarvato.bhaavam
1,3: adhi.ity.upari.bhaavam.ai"svaryam.vaa

My reading of "1,3: ny.ava.iti.vinigraha.arthiiyaa.ud.ity.etayo.h.
praatilomyam" is that 'ud' has an opposite sense to 'ni' and 'ava'. I'm not
sure of the meaning of "vinigrahaarthiiyaa" though. According to Apte,
'vinigraha' has the senses of 1) restraining, curbing, subduing; and 2)
mutual antithesis; while 'arthiiya' has the senses of 1) destined or
intended for, doomed to suffering; and 2) belonging or relating to.

Best wishes,
Jim