SV: Niggahiita in IPA?

Dear Jim,

<it doesn't explain which side of the tongue>

I think that it is possible to extrapolate from what the Sanskrit
phoneticians say. Upaagra (Paali upagga) denotes apparently the edge or rim
of the tip curled back, which explains why at least one treatise talks about
the articulation of the retroflex series as produced by the upaagra or the
uderside of the tip of the tongue.

> Kacc-va.n. uparitala.m is incomprehensible.

There is an entry for "uparitalam" (the upper part) in Apte's Sanskrit
dictionary. I repeat the passage from Kacc-va.n.n with one minor correction
(jivhopagganti instead of jivhopagga.m ti):

"mukhabbhantaramuddhimuddhi.t.thaana.m. tassaa jivhaaya aggassa samiipa.m
upari tala.m kara.na.m. ta.m jivhopagganti vutta.m."


<Couldn't "tassaa jivhaaya aggassa samiipa.m upari tala.m kara.na.m." be
interpreted as "the upper surface (or upper part) near the tip of the tongue
is the instrument (of articulation called the 'jivhopagga')." ? "near the
tip" might refer to the part of the tongue in the resting position opposite
the alveolar ridge or slope.>

Yes, I agree, but this is exactly what I find problematic. I have not found
anything similar in related descriptions


Best wishes,
Ole