Dear Lennart,

thank you.

According to Chinese scholars, the term probably derived from Mahachinasthana, which was used by ancient Indians to address the Great Qin Empire, or the Qin dynasty. Ever since, "cina" continued to be used by Indian merchants and monks who travelled to China or referred to China. This continuing usage by Buddhists, even as the Qin dynasty was succeeded by a string of other dynasties, is actually a funny application of a particular translation practice.

Also, between mid 1800s and the 1930s, Japanese also referred to China as æ"¯é‚£, this term is pronounced shi-na (シナ) in Japanese, or zhi-na in Mandarin (Pu-tong-hua) Chinese. Due to the hostility between Japan and China in the era of colonisation, Chinese generally regarded "Shina" as a racist and derogatory name, specifically when used by Japanese.

Marco Polo would have probably popularised this name for China. Even today, the Italian name for China is Cina.

Just a brief report of the research I just spent the past hour doing. Anyway, how then would we say Chinese people in Pali?

Cīnamanussā?

metta,
Yong Peng.


--- In Pali@yahoogroups.com, Lennart Lopin wrote:

CÄ«na

So for instance in Milindapanha:

‘‘Yathā, mahārāja, sadhano nāviko paṭṭane suṭṭhu katasuṅko mahāsamuddaṃ pavisitvā vaṅgaṃ takkolaṃ cīnaṃ sovīraṃ suraṭṭhaṃ alasandaṃ kolapaṭṭanaṃ suvaṇṇabhūmiṃ gacchati aññampi yaṃ kiñci nāvāsañcaraṇaṃ,


> What is Pali for China, the country in Asia? Thank you.