Dear Yong Peng,
thank you very much.
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Y.P. 'cakkhumanto ruupaani dakkhantii'ti, evameva.m bhotaa gotamena
anekapariyaayena dhammo pakaasito.

'(those) with eyes see the forms' - just so the teaching (is)
expounded in divers methods by the venerable Gotama.

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N: the sentence cakkhumanto ruupaani dakkhantii'ti belongs to the
previous.

Now we have: andhakaare vaa telapajjota.m dhaareyya cakkhumanto
ruupaani dakkhantii'ti:just as one should bear a light in the
darkness so that those who have eyes see objects.

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Esaaha.m bhavanta.m gotama.m sara.na.m gacchaami dhamma~nca
bhikkhusa`ngha~nca.

Y.P.: That I go to venerable Gotama, the Teachings, and the community
of monks for refuge.

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N: PTS has: I myself... eso reinforces aha.m, it is very close
together: esaaha.m.

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Y.P. Upaasaka.m ma.m bhava.m gotamo dhaaretu ajjatagge paa.nupeta.m
sara.na.m gata"nti.

May the venerable Gotama remember me, the layman (who) had taken
refuge, from today until life lasts.

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N: dhaaretu: accept me as a layfollower, as one who has taken refuge...

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YP: "ko nu kho, bho gotama, hetu ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattaa
kaayassa bhedaa para.m mara.naa apaaya.m duggati.m vinipaata.m
niraya.m upapajjantii"ti?

"Now, Venerable Gotama, what indeed (is) the cause, what (is) the
reason, for which some beings in this life are reborn in a state of
woe, a realm of misery, a place of suffering, a hell, after the
dissolution of the body and after death?"

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N: Instead of �for which�: why some beings...

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Y.P.:

"Katattaa ca, braahma.na, akatattaa ca.

"Acts, O brahmin, and abstentions.

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N: Commissions. O brahmin, and omissions.

(later on explianed: commission of akusala, omission of kusala).

***********************************************

The commentary elaborates on taking one's refuge. This extinguishes
fear, dukkha, an unhappy rebirth, and defilements. Refuge, this is a
name for the Triple Gem.

The name Buddha means the extinquishment of fear of all beings by
following what is beneficial and turning away from what is not
beneficial.

Dhamma: leads to the end of rebirth and leads to the happiness of the
world.

Sangha: it gives pure fruition for people who pay reverence, even
when they are few in number.

The refuge may be lokuttara or lokiya. When it is lokuttara, nibbaana
is the object because of the eradication of defilements. When it is
lokiya the excellent qualities of the Buddha and so on are the object.

The taking of refuge gives confidence in the Triple Gem, and right
understanding (sammaadi.t.thi) has this confidence as root cause.

********

Nina.

Nina.












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