[Saddaniiti XXV: aakhyaatakappo : sutta 869, p. 812 (Smith's edn.)]

869. naame payujjamaanepi tulyaadhikara.ne pa.thamo. so gacchati.
pisaddena appayujjamaanepi: bhaasati vaa karoti vaa.
tulyaadhikara.neti kim ? tena ha~n~nase tva.m devadattena.

869. When a noun having the same substratum is being used also, (there
is) the third person termination. "so gacchati" (he goes).
"appayujjamaanepi" (when not being used also) (is included) with the
word "pi": "bhaasati vaa karoti vaa" ((one) speaks or acts). Why
"tulyaadhikara.ne" ? "tena ha~n~nase tva.m devadattena" (you are
harmed by this Devadatta).

Notes:
1) "naame" (noun): I think this term is taken in the general
sense of including substantives as well as pronouns. It could also be
taken in the sense of a name (saama~n~na). In the example "so
gacchati", "so" is the naama spoken of. In this sutta "naame" excludes
"tumha" and "amha" which are dealt with in the next two suttas (Sd
870-1).
2) "tulyaadhikara.ne" (having the same substratum).Even after
reading some of the commentaries on Kc 410 (which corresponds to Sd
869), I still do not fully understand the meaning of the term in this
sutta. The best I can come up with so far is that it shows that the
noun has to be in syntactic agreement with the finite verb, i.e.,
agreement in kaaraka and number. The personal terminations of the
finite verb denote one of three kaarakas (kattu, kamma, or bhaava)
depending on whether the verb is active, passive, or impersonal. In
the example of "so gacchati", the third person termination "ti" of the
active verb denotes the agent-kaaraka and "so" is an agent-kaaraka in
the nominative case. So "ti" and "so" are linked together in syntactic
agreement since both have the same kaaraka and are in the singular. We
could say that "so" belongs to the same substratum as "ti". There is
also some suggestions in the commentaries that the subject (e.g.,
"so") is a dependent word (upapada), presumably dependent on the
finite verb since the verb can still function without the "so"
although it will be less informative.
The following definition of "tulyaadhikara.na" is found in K.V.
Abhyankar's A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar, 1986, p. 189: "having
got the same substratum; denoting ultimately the same object;
expressed in the same case; the same as samaanaadhikara.na in the
grammar of Paa.nini. cf. Kaat. II 5.5."
3) "bhaasati vaa karoti vaa" ((one) speaks or acts) is from Dhp 1
& 2.
4) "tena ha~n~nase tva.m devadattena" (you are harmed by this
Devadatta): because this is a passive sentence with the agent put in
the instrumental case and the object or patient "tva.m" put in the
nominative, "devadattena" does not have the same substratum as
"ha~n~nase" which is the passive of hanati with the 2nd person
singular, middle voice termination. However, "tva.m" has the same
substratum as the verb and is covered by the next sutta (tumhe
majjhimo).

Jim Anderson, 16 November 2009

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