Dear Nina and friends,

it is not obvious from this sutta if hiri and ottappa always arise in an ordered sequence, or if they can each operate independently. Can you please explain. Thank you.

metta,
Yong Peng.

--- In Pali@yahoogroups.com, Ong Yong Peng wrote:

In this way, hiri and ottappa work as a pair, able to identify akusala (hiri), and knowing its negative effects, one refrain from it (ottappa).