The New Pali Course Part II

Ven. A. P. Buddhadatta

127. "-ii" is suffixed to dasa, when it is preceded by some other
numeral, to form ordinals denoting a lunar day. In that compound the
last vowel of the preceding numeral sometimes becomes aa.

eka + dasa + ii = ekaadasii (the 11th day)
dvi + dasa + ii = dvaadasii (the 12th day)
pa~nca + dasa + ii = pa~ncadasii or pa.n.narasii (the 15th day)
catu + dasa + ii = caatuddasii (the 14th day)
(The first vowel is lengthened here)

128. "-ka" is suffixed to the numerals to form the collective nouns.

dvi + ka = dvika (a pair)
ti + ka = tika (a triad)
catu + ka = catukka (consisting of four)
sata + ka = sataka (a group of a hundred)
dasa + ka = dasaka (a group of ten)

(ii) Bhaava (Gerundial)

129. -taa, -tta, -ttana, .nya and .neyya are suffixed to some nouns to
denote the state, nature or quality of being.

-taa:
lahu (light) + taa = lahutaa (lightness)
suura (hero) + taa = suurataa (heroism)
se.t.tha (highest) + taa = se.t.thataa (greatness)
hiina (vulgar) + taa = hiinataa (vulgarity)

-tta:
manussa + tta = manussatta (state of a man, humanity)
yaacaka + tta = yaacakatta (state of a beggar)
bahussuta + tta = bahussutatta (learned state)

-ttana:
puthujjana + ttana = puthujjanattana (state of an unconverted person)
jaayaa + ttana = jaayattana (state of a wife)

.nya:
aroga (health) + .nya = aarogya (healthfulness)
dubbala (feeble) + .nya = dubbalya (feebleness)

.n in .nya is indicative of strengthening of the first vowel.

130. Many consonants before .nya change their forms together with ya
of the suffix.

t + .nya = tya becomes cca
l + .nya = lya becomes lla
d + .nya = dya becomes jja
.n + .nya = .nya becomes ~n~na
j + .nya = jya becomes jja
s + .nya = sya becomes ssa

pa.n.dita + .nya = pa.n.ditya = pa.n.dicca (scholarship, erudition)
adhipati + .nya = aadhipatya = aadhipacca (lordship, government)
bahusuta + .nya = baahusutya = baahusacca (learnedness). u of suta is
changed into a.
kusala + .nya = vepulya = vepulla (increase, abundance)
suhada + .nya = sohadya = sohajja (friendliness)
raaja + .nya = raajya = rajja (kingship, kingdom)
nipuna + .nya = nepu.nya = nepu~n~na (skill, experience)
gilaana + .nya = gelanya = gela~n~na (sickness)
sumana + .nya = (adding an s to the stem) somanasya = somanassa (joy,
joyful)
bhisaja (physician) + .nya = bhesajya = bhesajja (medicine, work of a
physician)

.neyya:
adhipati + .neyya = aadhipateyya (lordship, power)
sa.tha + .neyya = saa.theyya (craft, fraud)
patha + .neyya = paatheyya (provision for a journey)

131. .na is suffixed to a few nouns to denote the state.

pa.tu + .na = paa.tava (dexterity, expertness)
garu + .na = gaarava (heaviness, respect)

Remark. The derivatives formed with -taa are in the feminine; those
formed with -tta, -ttana, .nya and .neyya are in the neuter. Paa.tava
and gaarava are in the masculine. Pa.tutaa, garutaa and pa.tutta.m,
garutta.m, which are in the feminine and the neuter respectively are
also found.

(iii) Avyaya (Indeclinables and adverbials)

132. "-kkhattu.m" is suffixed to the numerals to form the
multiplicative adverbs.

eka + kkhattu.m = ekakkhattu.m (once)
dvikkhattu.m (twice)
dasakkhattu.m (ten times)
sahassakkhattu.m (thousand times)
bahukkhattu.m (many times)

133. "-dhaa" is suffixed to the numerals to form the adverbs of manner.

pa~nca + dhaa = pa~ncadhaa (in five ways)
dasadhaa (in ten ways)