because*
be ordained = upasampaadetabba (pot.p).
couch = ma~ncaka (m).
departed = nikkhami (v).
drawing near = upasa`nkamitvaa (abs).
followed by = anugata, parivuta (pp).
handed over = pa.ticchaapesi (v).
high position = ucca.t.thaana (n).
laid down = pa~n~natta (pp).
let be = hotu (v).
nun = bhikkhunii (f).
ordination [higher] = upasampadaa (f).
praising = thomenta (pr.p).
puts in order = pa.tisaameti (v).
reply = pa.tivacana (n).
returns = pa.tinivattati, paccaagacchati (v).
seen = di.t.tha (pp).
should be informed = aarocetabba (pot.p).
should be slain = maaretabba (pot.p).
sire = deva (m).
sleeping place = senaasana, sayana.t.thaana (n).
spoken = vutta (pp).
spreads = attharati, pattharati (v).
twin = yamaka (adj).
warrior = khattiya (m,adj).
why = kasmaa (indec).
Taddhita (or The Secondary Derivation)
It was stated in the First Book (§45) that there are five classes of
nouns, of which the first, second and the third classes have already
been explained; the fifth, Taddhitanaama, has now to be explained.
105. "Taddhita" or a secondary derivative is formed from a substantive
or a primary derivative by adding another suffix, (denoting some
special meaning), to it.
A. These derivatives are adjectives in their nature, but in most cases
are used as substantives.
B. The final vowel of a word is often elided before a Taddhita suffix.
C. The first vowel of the word, to which the suffix is added, is often
strengthened when it is not followed by a double consonant. In this
case a becomes aa; i, ii become e; u, uu become o.
D. To indicate that some suffix required strengthening, an indicatory
letter (anubandha) is affixed by the grammarians to it. This
indicatory letter is generally .n.
The main divisions of the Taddhitas are:
(i) Saama~n~na-Taddhita (General)
(ii) Bhaava-Taddhita (Gerundial)
(iii) Avyaya-Taddhita (Indeclinable)
The first division is again divided into the following sub-divisions:-
(1) Appaccattha (suffixes denoting lineage)
(2) Anekattha (suffixes denoting various meanings)
(3) Atthyattha (suffixes denoting possession)
(4) Sa.nkhyaa (suffixes denoting numbers)
(i) Saama~n~na - (1) Appaccattha
106. Suffix ".na" is added to some nouns to denote a lineage. (Note
that .n is indicative of strengthening.)
Examples
vasi.t.thassa apacca.m (puriso) = vaasi.t.tho
(Vasi.t.tha is the name of a sage; a person born in his lineage is
known as vaasi.t.tha.)
Formation
vasi.t.tha + .na (when the last vowel and .n are dropped) becomes
vasi.t.th + a; after strengthening the first vowel and joining the
last one to the stem it becomes vaasi.t.tha.
Now, this being an adjective may qualify any male, female, or a group
born in the clan of Vasi.t.tha. Therefore it may take the gender of
the person or the group for which it stands.
If the person be a man, it is in the masculine.
If the person be a woman, it takes the feminine form Vaasi.t.thii.
If it be a family, it is in the neuter.
Similarly formed are:
bhaaradvaaja + .na = bhaaradvaaja (of the Bhaaradvaaja's lineage)
* There is no word in Pali exactly corresponding to because, it should
be translated with kaara.naa or ttaa (both in the ablative), joined to
a past participle. For instance: "because he has seen" may be
translated: di.t.thattaa di.t.thakaara.nena or di.t.thakaara.naa.