The New Pali Course Part II

Ven. A. P. Buddhadatta

(1) "Aama, samma, idaanaaha.m vihaara.m gantvaa thera.m... disvaa
aagato'mhi." (Yes, friend, just now I went to the monastery and came
back having seen the thera.) -- Dh.A.i.19

(2) "Evam, aavuso'ti kho aayasmaa Aanando tassa bhikkhuno pa.tissutvaa
yena Bhagavaa ten'upasa`nkami." (Replying to that monk (saying) "yes,
Sir," the venerable Aananda went to the place where the Blessed One
was.) -- D.ii.144

94. Extension of Predicate, be it a single word, a phrase, or a clause
is placed before the verb.

(1) "Ajja kho pan'Aananda, rattiyaa pacchime yaame, Kusinaaraaya.m...
Mallaana.m saalavane, antarena yamakasaalaana.m, Tathaagatassa
parinibbaa.na.m bhavissati." -- D.ii.134.

Subject: parinibbaa.na.m
Predicate: bhavissati
Extensions of the same:
(i) ajja
(ii) rattiyaa pacchime yaame
(iii) Kusinaaraaya.m Mallaana.m saalavane
(iv) antarena yamaka-saalaana.m

(2) Luddako miga.m maaretvaa ma.msa.m pacitvaa khaaditvaa paaniiya.m
pivitvaa avasesam aadaaya ghara.m agamaasi.

Extensions of the predicate here are:
(i) miga.m maaretvaa
(ii) ma.msa.m pacitvaa
(iii) (ma.msa.m) khaaditvaa
(iv) paaniiya.m pivitvaa
(v) avasesam aadaaya

95. The conditional particles "sace", "yadi" and the interjections are
placed at the beginning of a sentence.

96. Copulative ca, disjunctive vaa and the conditional ce are never
placed at the beginning of a sentence.

(1) "Sac'aaha.m geha.m gamissaami: Saamiko te kuhin? ti pucchissanti."
(If I go home, they will ask me: "Where is your husband?") -- Dh.A.ii.222

(2) "Yadi pana me paraajayo bhaveyya, matam me jiivitaa seyyo." (It is
better to die if I am to be vanquished.) -- Guttilavimaana

(3) "Paapa~n ce puriso kayiraa,
Na ta.m kayiraa punappuna.m."
(If a man does a bad action once, he should not do it again and
again.) -- Dhp.117

(4) "Aho! Imasmi.m loke ayutta.m vattati." (Alas! injustice prevails
in this world!) -- J. Kukkura

(5) Haa! Hato'smi. (Ah! lost am I.)

(6) "Ekasmi.m pabbatapaade siiho ca vyaggho ca ekissaa yeva guhaaya
vasanti." -- J. Maaluta

Note here that the two subjects, which are in the singular, are
connected with ca, and the verb is in the plural.

97. The following indeclinables are used correlatively:-

(i) yathaa (as); tathaa (so).
(ii) yaava...; taava (as long as, until).
(iii) yadaa (when); tadaa (then).
(iv) yattha (where); tattha (there).

(1) "Yathaa me dhanacchedo na hoti tathaa karissaami." (I shall so see
to it (lit. do it) that there is no loss to my wealth.) -- Dh.A.i.25

(2) Yaavaa'ha.m aagamissami taava idh'eva ti.t.thaahi. (Wait here till
I come.)

(3) "Yadaa te vivadissanti.
Tadaa ehinti me vasa.m." -- J. Sammodamaana
(They will (then) come under my power when they will begin to
dispute among themselves.)

(4) Yattha Bhagavaa dhamma.m deseti tattha mahaajano sannipatati. (A
great crowd assembles (there) where the Blessed One preaches the
doctrine.)

Note that the clause containing the relative is placed first.

Concord

98. When there are several subjects of different persons and one verb
in a sentence, the verb is put in the First Person plural.

Should there be no subject of the First Person, the verb is put in the
Second Person plural.

(1) So ca tva~n ca aha~n ca gaama.m gacchaama. (He, you and I go to
the village.)

(2) Te ca tumhe ca nadiya.m nahaayatha. (They and you bathe in the river.)

99. One subject may have more than one finite verb.

"Ki.m bha.ne, ti.t.thatha? Ima.m kumaara.m ga.nhatha, hanatha,
palaapetha." (Why do, you fellows, stand still? Take this prince, beat
him, and drive him away.) -- J. Nidaana

(to be continued...)