The New Pali Course Part II

Ven. A. P. Buddhadatta

must make (him) do = kaaretabba.m (pot.p).
peasant = gaamika, jaanapadika (m).
realm = rajja (n).
severally = visu.m visu.m (indec).
soothsayer = nimittapaa.thaka (m).
taught (he) = ugga.nhaapesi (v).
to marry = aavaahetu.m, vivaahetu.m* (inf).

SYNTAX

Position of Words in a Sentence

90. Words qualifying the subject or the object generally come before
the subject or object respectively.

Adverbs come before the verb; but the adverbs of time always come
first in a sentence, e.g.,

Tadaa tasmi.m gaame cattaaro purisaa mahanta.m rukkha.m siigha.m
chindi.msu.

Subject: purisaa
Word qualifying it: cattaaro
Object: rukkha.m
Word qualifying it: mahanta.m
Verb: chindi.msu
Adverb: siigha.m
Extension of Predicate: tadaa; tasmi.m gaame

91. Addressing words (which are in the vocative) are very often placed
first in a sentence.

(1) "Bhante, imasmi.m saasane kati dhuraani?" (Reverend Sir, how many
offices or responsibilities are there in this religion?) -- Dh.A.i.7

(2) "Aavuso, ima.m temaasa.m katiihi iriyaapathehi viitinaamessatha?"
(Brethren, in how many postures will you spend these three months?) --
Ibid. i.9

(3) "Bhoti, sace vejja.m aanessaami, bhattavetana.m daatabba.m
bhavissati." (My dear, if I bring a physician, food and fees should be
given to him.) -- Ibid. i.25

92. A. Interrogation is expressed by using interrogative adverbs,
pronouns, or particles at the beginning of a sentence.

When there is an interrogative word in a sentence, the addressing
word, if there be any, takes the second, the last, or some other place
in it.

(1) "Ki.m kathesi, bhaatika?" (What do you say, brother?) -- Dh.A.i.6

(2) "Ap'aavuso, amhaaka.m satthaara.m jaanaasi?" (Do you, reverend
friend, know our Master?) -- D.ii.162

(3) "Kim pana, bhante, idaani pi dinne labhissantii ti?" (What, Sir,
will they get it if it is given now?) -- Dh.A.i.104

(4) "Kuhi.m yaasi, upaasaka?" (Where do you go, devotee?) -- Ibid. i.18

(5) "Kaha.m gato'si, aavuso?" (Where did you go, friend (monk)?) --
Ibid. ii.257

(6) "Ko tattha vasati?" (Who is dwelling there?) -- Ibid. i.14

(7) "Kasmaa so sappo eta.m na .dasi?" (Why did this serpent not bite
him?) -- Ibid. ii.258

B. Interrogation is also expressed by placing the verb first in a
sentence, followed by the particle nu very often.

"Passatha nu tumhe, bhikkhave, amu.m mahanta.m aggikkhandha.m...?" (Do
you, O monks, see that great mass of fire?) -- A.iv.128

93. Words of assent also are placed at the beginning of a sentence.
Addressing words in such sentences are placed next to the assenting words.

* To bring a woman in marriage is aavaaha; to give away a woman is
vivaaha.

(to be continued...)