Dear Dave,
Re. Upaayaasa.
The PED has a question mark regarding the derivation of this word. Here is the meaning as we understand it, in traditional Sinhala Buddhism (Sri Lankan): The word is formed from upa + aayaasa. Upa is a prefix that gives approaching to something like in upasa"nakamati, or becoming as in upasampadaaa. So the idea is upaayaasa ia great effort, gnerally associated with pain, suffering unhappy states of mind. The most important place it occurs is in the description of the First Noble Truth. It is the great effort one makes because of dukkha, death, separation etc. For example, if a close realative dies you cry, make a big noise, sometimes you even commit suicide. So it it very intense grief with outward show. But we don't take it to refer to a mental conditions; it is the actions, the outward visible, observable actions of intense grief, that we call upaayaasa. Kind regards. Now here is a sutta reference: "katamo ca bhikkave
upaayaaso? yo kho bhikkhave a~n~natara~n~na vyaasanena samannaagatassa phu.t.thassa aayaaso upaayaaso aayaasitatta.m upaayaasitatta.m, aya.m vucchati bhikkave upaayaaso." Mahaasatipa.t.thaana sutta. It is the meaning of this passage I have tried to capture. I believe you can translate it yourself and get the meaning. Above passage is the Buddha's own words, and it is a strong definition. I hope this assists you. Kind regards, D. G. D. C. Wijeratna.





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