[3-1/8]

The New Pali Course Part II

Ven. A. P. Buddhadatta

Complex Compounds

58. Compounds themselves may become the members of another compound,
and this new compound again may be a member of another compound, thus
forming compounds within compounds. These mixed compounds are called
"Missaka-samaasa" (Complex Compounds).

In such cases take each component as a separate member and dissolve it
as follows:

1. suranara-mahito (given above in Exercise 9)
(a) suraa ca naraa ca = suranaraa [Dvanda]
(b) suranarehi + mahito = suranaramahito [Tappurisa]

2. bhikkhusahassa-parivuto (in the same sentence)
(a) bhikkhuuna.m + sahassa.m = bhikkhusahassam [Tappurisa]
(b) bhikkhusahassena + parivuto = bhikkhusahassaparivuto [Tappurisa]

3. gandha-maalaadi-hatthaa (10th para. Exercise 9)
(a) gandhaa ca maalaa ca = gandhamaalaa [Dvanda]
(b) gandhamaalaa + aadi (yesa.m, te) = gandhamaalaadayo (perfumes,
garlands and such other things) [Bahubbiihi]
(c) gandhamaalaadayo hatthesu (yesa.m, te) = gandhamaalaadihatthaa
(with perfumes, garlands, etc. in their hands) [Bahubbiihi]

4. sabbaala`nkaara-patima.n.ditaa
(a) sabbe + ala`nkaaraa = sabbaala`nkaaraa [kammadhaaraya]
(b) sabbaala`nkaarehi + patima.n.ditaa = sabbaala`nkaarapatima.n.ditaa
[tappurisa]

5. dvattimsa-mahaapurisa-lakkha.na-patima.n.dito
(a) mahanto + puriso = mahaapuriso [kammadhaaraya]
(b) mahaapurisaana.m + lakkha.naa = mahaapurisa-lakkha.naa [tappurisa]
(c) dvatti.msa ca te mahaapurisalakkha.naa caa ti =
dvatti.msamahaapurisalakkha.naa [kammadhaaraya]
(d) dvatti.msa-mahaapurisa-lakkha.nehi patima.n.dito yo, so =
dvatti.msa ... patima.n.dito (the person who is endowed with the 32
marks of a Great Being) [bahubbiihi]

Change of Certain Words

59. Some words take a different form when they are compounded.

(a) Change of mahanta to mahaa is stated above.

(b) Go becomes gava and gu.
(i) Hatthi-gavaassa-va.lava.m (elephants, cattle, horses and mares)
(ii) cittaa gaavo yasso, so = cittagu ([a person] who has spotted cows
and oxen)

(c) Bhuumi becomes bhumma or bhuuma.
(i) pa~nca + bhuumiyo (yassa, so) = pa~ncabhummo ([a mansion] which
has five storeys)
(ii) cattaaro + bhuumiyo (yassa, so) = catubhuumako ([the mind] which
has four stages), ka is super-added as in bahunadiko.

(d) A`nguli becomes a`ngula.
(i) dve a`nguliyo = dva`ngula.m (two inches)
(ii) cattaaro a`nguliyo pamaa.na.m (yassa, so) = catura`ngulappamaa.no
([whose length is] about four inches)

(e) Ratti becomes ratta.
(i) rattiyaa + addho = addharatta.m (the middle of the night)
(ii) tayo + rattiyo = tiratta.m (three nights)
(iii) diighaa rattiyo = digharatta.m (a long time, lit. long nights)

(f) Akkhi becomes akkha.
(i) sahassa.m + akkhiini (yassa, so) = sahassakkho (one who has 1,000
eyes, i.e. Sakka, the king of devas)
(ii) visaalaani + akkhiini (yassa, so) = visaalakkho (large-eyed)

(g) Puma becomes pu`m.
(i) pumaa + kokilo = pu`nkokilo (a male cuckoo)
(ii) pumuno + li`nga.m = pulli`nga.m (the masculine gender)

(h) saha and samaana become sa.
(i) saha + parivaarena (yo vattate, so) = saparivaaro
(ii) saha + manena (yo vattate, so) = samanako (endowed with
consciousness, sensible)
(iii) samaanaa + jaati (yassa, so) = sajaatiko (of the same species or
class)
(iv) samaana.m + naama.m (yassa, so) = sanaamo (of the same name)

Exercise 10

Translate into English and define the compounds

1. Udenassa ra~n~no tayo paasaadaa ahesu.m; eko tibhuumako, eko
catubhuumako, itaro pa~ncabhummako.

2. Tesu saparivaaraa visaalakkhaa naanaabhara.na-bhuusitaa tisso
deviyo vasi.msu. Taasu ekaa Saamaavatii naama Buddhasaavikaa, ekaa
Maagandiyaa naama micchaadi.t.thikaa.

3. So raajaa dviratta.m vaa tiratta.m vaa ekasmi.m paasaade
naa.takitthiparivuto sampattim anubhavanto vasati, na pana
diigharatta.m ekasmi.m vasati.

4. "Bhagavato kira bhikkhusa`nghassa ca pa~ncanna.m mahaanadiina.m
mahoghasadise laabha-sakkaare uppanne hata-laabhasakkaaraa
a~n~natitthiyaa suriyuggamanakaale khajjopanaka-sadisaa hutvaa...
mantayi.msu." [Dh.A.iii.474]

5. "Raajaa yojanantare ja.n.numattena odhinaa pa~ncava.n.naani
pupphaani okiraapetvaa dhaja-pataaka-kadaliaadiini ussaapetvaa...
puuja.m karonto... ga`ngaatiira.m paapetvaa... Vesaalikaana.m
saasana.m pahi.ni." [Dh.A.iii.439]

6. "Mahaajano nagaramajjhe santhaagaara.m sabbagandhehi upalimpetvaa
upari suva.n.nataarakaadi-vicitta.m Buddhaasana.m pa~n~naapetvaa
Satthaara.m aarocesi." [Ibid.iii.442]

7. "Te suva.n.na-rajata-ma.nimayaa naavaayo maapetvaa
suva.n.narajata-ma.nimaye palla`nke pa~n~naapetvaa
pa~ncava.n.na-paduma-sa~nchanna.m udaka.m karitvaa... attano attano
naavaabhiruuhanatthaaya Satthaara.m yaaci.msu." [Ibid.iii.443]

(to be continued...)

The New Pali Course Part II [2-1/8]
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Pali/message/11632