54. When the first member of a compound is an indeclinable and the
second a substantive, it is called an Avyayiibhaava Compound.
The whole compound becomes an adverb, taking the ending of the
(neuter) accusative singular. Some case (usually oblique) is implied
in the substantial member according to the meaning of the indeclinable.
Examples
nagarassa + upa = upanagara.m (near the town)
rathassa + anu = anuratha.m (behind the chariot)
ghara.m + anu = anughara.m (house after house)
anu + addhamaasa.m = anvaddhamaasa.m (once in a fortnight)
ma~ncassa + he.t.thaa = he.t.thaama~nca.m (under the bed)
paasaadassa + upari = uparipaasaada.m (upon the mansion, i.e. on the
terrace, upstairs)
paakaarassa + tiro = tiropaakaara.m (across or through the rampart)
gaamassa + anto = antogaama.m (inside the village)
sota.m + pa.ti = pa.tisota.m (against the current)
kamo + yathaa = yathaakkama.m (according to the order)
vuddhaana.m (pa.tipaa.ti) + yathaa = yathaavuddha.m (following seniority)
bhattassa + pacchaa = pacchaabhatta.m (after the meal, i.e. afternoon)
ga`ngaaya + adho = adhoga`nga.m (down the river)
jiivo + yaava = yaavajiiva.m (as long as life lasts)
bala.m + yathaa = yathaabala.m (according to one's strength, i.e. to
the best of one's ability)
nagarato + bahi = bahinagara.m (outside the town)
attho + yaava = yaavadattha.m (as much as desired, to the full)
aa (yaava) + samudda.m = aasamudda.m (as far as the sea-coast)
vaatassa + anu = anuvaata.m (following or with the wind)
6. Bahubbiihi (Relative) Compounds
55. When two or more substantives are combined together and the
resultant denotes something other than what is meant by the two
members severally, the compound is called Bahubbiihi = Relative or
Attributive.
This compound requires the addition of such relative pronouns as: "he,
who, that, which", etc. to express its full meaning; therefore this is
used as an adjective and takes any gender according to that of the
noun which it qualifies.
Examples
chinnaa + hatthaa (yassa, so) = chinnahattho, (a man) whose hand have
been cut off
lohitena + makkhita.m + siisa.m (yassa, so) = lohitamakkhitasiiso, (a
man) whose head is besmeared with blood
aaruu.lhaa + vaa.nijaa (ya.m, saa) = aaruu.lhavaa.nijaa, (a ship) on
which the merchants have embarked
jitaani + indriyaani (yena, so) = jitindriyo, (a monk) who has subdued
his senses
dinno + su`nko (yassa, so) = dinnasu`nko, (an official) to whom the
tax is given
niggataa + janaa (yasmaa, so) = niggatajano, (a village) from where
the people have departed
khii.naa + aasavaa (yassa, so) = khii.naasavo, (a saint) whose
passions are destroyed
sampannaani + sassaani (yasmi.m, so) = sampannasasso, (a province) in
which the crops are abundant
56. Feminine nouns ending in ii, uu, and the stems ending in -tu,
generally take the suffix ka, when they are the last member of a
Bahubbiihi.
Examples
bahavo + nadiyo (yasmi.m, so) = bahunadiko, (a country) where there
are many rivers
apagato + satthaa (yasmaa, so) = apagatasatthuka.m, (the doctrine)
whose founder is dead
bahuu + vadhuyo (yassa, so) = bahuvadhuko, (a person) who has many wives
57. When a feminine noun is the last member of a Bahubbiihi, it takes
the masculine, or neuter form, if it is determining a masculine or
neuter noun; also the first member, if it is feminine, drops its
feminine sign.
Examples
mahantii + pa~n~naa (yassa, so) = mahaapa~n~no, (a person) who has
great wisdom
pahuutaa + jivhaa (yassa, so) = pahuutajivho, (a man) whose tongue is
broader (than that of others)