Dear Yong Peng and group,

>
>
>I am wondering if we should leave niraya untranslated. Please advise.
>

Unlike some, I don't see the problem with using the word 'hell'. In English it is often used figuratively, without all the specific doctrinal connotations of catholic theology. It often just means a state of extreme suffering. Anyone studying Buddhism will soon learn that it designates an impermanent state, unlike Christian hell which is eternal.

As a compromise one could also write 'niraya hell', just as one often sees expressions like 'tusita heaven'. Just my 2 cents.

best regards,

/Rett