The compounds ending in upanisa are all possessive compounds i.e.
bahubbihis. A noun like upanisaa (f.) at the end of such a compound is
inflected like adjectives in /a/.
Hope this helps.
Ole Pind
-----Oprindelig meddelelse-----
Fra:
Pali@yahoogroups.com [mailto:
Pali@yahoogroups.com] På vegne af Alan
McClure
Sendt: 14. oktober 2005 17:18
Til:
Pali@yahoogroups.com
Emne: [Pali] Translation problem # 3 SN XII.23
Hello all,
I'm sorry I am bothering everyone so much with this sutta, but I finding it
far more difficult that others I've translated. Here is my third (and
hopefully final) problem.
I'll post my attempt below along with my comments afterwards:
*``iti kho, bhikkhave, avijjuupanisaa sankhaaraa, sankhaaruupanisa.m
vi~n~naa.na.m, vi~n~naa.nuupanisa.m naamaruupa.m, naamaruupuupanisa.m
sa.laayatana.m, sa.laayatanuupaniso phasso, phassuupanisaa vedanaa,
vedanuupanisaa ta.nhaa, ta.nhuupanisa.m upaadaana.m, upaadaanuupaniso bhavo,
bhavuupanisaa jaati, jaatuupanisa.m dukkha.m, dukkhuupanisaa saddhaa,
saddhuupanisa.m paamojja.m, paamojjuupanisaa piiti, piituupanisaa passaddhi,
passaddhuupanisa.m sukha.m, sukhuupaniso samaadhi, samaadhuupanisa.m
yathaabhuuta~naa.nadassana.m, yathaabhuuta~naa.nadassanuupanisaa nibbidaa,
nibbiduupaniso viraago, viraaguupanisaa vimutti, vimuttuupanisa.m
khaye~naa.na.m. *
``iti [indec] thus
kho, [indec] indeed
bhikkhave, [m-u/voc/pl] bhikkhus
avijj [f-aa] ignorance
uupanisaa [adj/m/nom/pl] caused
avijjuupanisaa [kammadhaaraya] ignorance-caused
sankhaaraa, [m-a/nom/pl] kammic formations
sankhaar [m-a] kammic formations
uupanisa.m [adj/n/nom/sg] caused
sankhaaruupanisa.m [kammadhaaraya] kammic formation-caused
vi~n~naa.na.m, [n-a/nom/sg ] consciousness
vi~n~naa.n [n-a] consciousness
uupanisa.m [adj/n/nom/sg]caused
vi~n~naa.nuupanisa.m [kammadhaaraya] consciousness-caused
naamaruupa.m, [n-a/nom/sg] mentality and materiality
naamaruup [n-a] mentality and materiality
uupanisa.m [adj/n/nom/sg]caused
naamaruupuupanisa.m [kammadhaaraya] mentality and materiality-caused
sa.laayatana.m, [n-a/nom/sg] the six sense bases
sa.laayatan [n-a] six sense bases
uupaniso [adj/m/nom/sg caused
sa.laayatana.m [kammadhaaraya] six sense base-caused
phasso, [m-a/nom/sg] contact
phass [m-a] contact
uupanisaa [adj/f/nom/sg]caused
phassuupanisaa [kammadhaaraya] contact-caused
vedanaa, [f-aa/nom/sg] feeling
vedan [f-aa] feeling
uupanisaa [adj/f/nom/sg]caused
vedanuupanissaa [kammadhaaraya] feeling-caused
ta.nhaa, [f-aa/nom/sg] craving
ta.nh [f-aa] craving
uupanisa.m [adj/n/nom/sg] caused
ta.nhuupanisa.m [kammadhaaraya] craving-caused
upaadaana.m, [n-a/nom/sg] attachment
upaadaan [n-a] attachment
uupaniso [adj/m/nom/sg]caused
upaadaanuupaniso [kammadhaaraya] attachment-caused
bhavo, [m-a/nom/sg] becoming
bhav [m-a] becoming
uupanisaa [adj/f/nom/sg]caused
bhavuupanisaa [kammadhaaraya] becoming-caused
jaati, [f-i/nom/sg] birth
jaat [f-i] birth
uupanisa.m [adj/n/nom/sg]caused
jaatuupanisa.m [kammadhaaraya] birth-caused
dukkha.m, [n-a/nom/sg] suffering
dukkh [n-a] suffering
uupanisaa [adj/nfnom/sg]caused
dukkhuupanisaa [kammadhaaraya] suffering-caused
saddhaa, [f-aa/nom/sg] confidence
saddh [f-aa] confidence
uupanisa.m [adj/n/nom/sg]caused
saddhuupanisa.m[kammadhaaraya] confidence-caused
paamojja.m, [n-a/nom/sg] gladness
paamojj [n-a] gladness
uupanisaa [adj/f/nom/sg]caused
paamojjuupanisaa [kammadhaaraya] gladness-caused
piiti, [f-i/nom/sg] rapture
piit [f-i] rapture
uupanisaa [adj/f/nom/sg] caused
piituupanisaa [kammadhaaraya] rapture-caused
passaddhi, [f-i/nom/sg] tranquility
passaddh [f-i] tranquility
uupanisa.m [adj/n/nom/sg]caused
passaddhuupanisa.m [kammadhaaraya] tranquility-caused
sukha.m, [n-a/nom/sg] happiness
sukh [n-a] happiness
uupaniso [adj/m/nom/sg]caused
sukhuupaniso [kammadhaaraya] happiness-caused
samaadhi, [m-i/nom/sg] concentration
samaadh [m-i] concentration
uupanisa.m [adj/n/nom/sg]caused
samaadhuupanisa.m [kammadhaaraya] concentration-caused
`yathaa [indec] according to
bhuuta [bhuu I/pp] grown, become; born, produced
yathaabhuuta [kammadhaaraya] according to the existed/reality
~naa.na [n-a] knowing/knowledge
dassana.m [n-a/nom/sg] seeing
~naa.nadassana.m [dvanda] knowing and seeing
yathaabhuuta~naa.nadassana.m [kammadhaaraya] knowing and seeing according to
reality
yathaabhuuta~naa.nadassan [n-a] knowing and seeing according to reality
uupanisaa [adj/f/nom/sg]caused
yathaabhuuta~naa.nadassanuupanisaa [kammadhaaraya] knowing and seeing
according to reality-caused
nibbidaa, [f-aa/nom/sg] disgust with worldly life
nibbid [f-aa] disgust with worldy life
uupaniso [adj/m/nom/sg]caused
nibbiduupaniso [kammadhaaraya] disgust with worldly life-caused
viraago, [m-a/nom/sg] destruction of passions
viraag [m-a] destruction of passions
uupanisaa [adj/f/nom/sg]caused
viraaguupanisaa [kammadhaaraya] destruction of passions-caused
vimutti' [f-i/nom/sg] liberation
vimutt [f-i] liberation
uupanisa.m [adj/n/nom/sg]caused
vimuttuupanisa.m [kammadhaaraya] liberation caused
khaye [m-a/loc/sg] about destruction
~n~naa.na.m, [n-a/nom/sg] knowing
Thus indeed, bhikkhus, kammic formations are ignorance-caused; consciousness
is kammic formation-caused; mentality and materiality are
consciousness-caused; the six sense-bases are mentality and
materiality-caused
..etc.
Anyway, this reminds one of the famous pattern:
avijjaapaccayaa sa'nkhaaraa etc.
However the grammar seems completely different. Instead of using the
ablative to say "with 'such and such a condition' comes 'such and such'," it
seems as though the first part above, i.e., avijjuupanisaa sa'nkhaaraa is
actually related as an adjective to a noun. Thus, instead of glossing
upanisaa as a feminine noun, it must be an adjective agreeing with
sa'nkhaaraa that is itself related to avijjaa in a kammadhaaraya compound.
So, I think that in order for the above to work, it must be
"ignorance-caused" as an adjective and then it becomes "kammic formations
are ignorance-caused." Otherwise I simply can't make any sense out of it.
Can anyone clarify for me if my reasoning here is sound and if I have the
correct grammatical analysis above, or if I am wrong and I am forcing
something where there is a simpler relationship between the terms that I am
just missing.
I really appreciate it, this sutta is challenging me. At least I'll learn
something.
Metta,
Alan
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