An Elementary Pali Course
Selections for Translation
Dear Piya, Dmytro and friends,
here is the next part of the passage. I have done a major revision of
it from my original handwritten draft. However, there may still be
some improvements to it. Please also help to fill in the verb
conjugation class, if possible. Thanks.
Passage 1: Buddheniya Vatthu, The Story of Buddheni (3/5)
[with detailed grammatical analysis]
Pali:
saapi [sandhi] saa pi.
- saa (dem pron, f/nom/sg) she.
- pi (ind) and also.
ta.m (rel pron, n/acc/sg) it.
pa.tijaggamaanaa (???, present act participle, f/nom/sg) looking
after, taking care of.
aakaasagaamibhaava.m [T-loc] aakaasagaami.m bhaava.m (m-a/acc/sg)
ability to move in sky.
- aakaasa (m-a/stem) sky.
- gaami (adj/stem) going.
- bhaava.m (m-a/acc/sg) condition, nature.
~natvaa (???, ger, ind) having known.
sammaa (ind) thoroughly, properly, rightly.
pa.tijaggantii (???, present act participle, f/nom/sg) looking after,
taking care of.
eva.m (adv) thus.
cintesi (???, aor act, 3rd/sg) thought.
pu~n~nakara.nassa [T-acc] pu~n~na.m kara.nassa (m,n/gen/sg) of doing
good.
- pu~n~na (n/stem) good, merit.
- kara.nassa (m,n/gen/sg) of doing.
me (pers pron, 1st/sg) my.
sahaayo (m-a/nom/sg) friend.
laddho (???, past participle, m/nom/sg) obtained.
agatapubbaaca [sandhi] agatapubbaa ca.
- agatapubbaa [T-loc] na gata pubbaa (adj, f/nom/sg) not gone before.
-- na (ind neg) not.
-- gata (???, past participle, stem) gone.
-- papubbaa (adj, f/nom/sg) before.
- ca (conj) and.
me (pers pron, 1st/sg) by me.
bhagavato (m-ant/gen/sg) of the Blessed One.
sakala.m (adj, n/acc/sg) whole, entire.
maarabala.m [T-gen] maarassa bala.m (n/acc/sg) Mara's force.
- maara (m-a/stem) Mara.
- bala.m (n/acc/sg) force.
vidhametvaa (???, ger, ind) having destroyed.
buddhabhuutassa (m/gen/sg) of one who become the Buddha.
- buddha (m-a/stem) Buddha.
- bhuutassa (???, past participle, m/gen/sg) of one who become.
jayamahaabodhibhuumi [T-gen] jayamahaabodhiyaa bhuumi (f-i/nom/sg)
place of victory and great enlightenment.
- jaya (m-a/stem) victory, conquest.
- mahaa (adj) great.
- bodhi (f-i/stem) enlightenment.
- bhuumi (f-i/nom/sg) place.
yannuunaaha.m [sandhi] ya.m nuuna aha.m: now then let me.
- ya.m nuuna (ind) what if.
- aha.m (pers pron, 1st/sg) I.
tattha (adv) there.
gantvaa (???, ger, ind) having gone.
bhagavato (m-ant/gen/sg) of the Blessed One.
jayamahaabodhi.m [D] jaya.m ca mahaabodhi.m ca (f-i/acc/sg) victory
and great enlightenment.
- jaya (m-a/stem) victory, conquest.
- mahaa (adj) great.
- bodhi.m (f-i/acc/sg) enlightenment.
vandeyya.m (???, optative act, 1st/sg) should pay homage.
cintetvaa (???, ger, ind) having thought.
bahuu (adj, m/acc/pl) many.
rajatasuva.n.namaalaadayo (m-i/acc/pl) garlands of silver, gold and
others.
- rajata (n-a/stem) of silver.
- suva.n.na (n-a/stem) of gold.
- maalaa (f-aa/stem) garland.
- aadayo (adj, m-i/acc/pi) and others.
kaaraapetvaa (???, ger, ind) having made.
ekadivasa.m [K] eka.m divasa.m (m/acc/sg) one day.
- eka (num adj/stem) one.
- divasa.m (m/acc/sg) day.
assa.m (m-a/acc/sg) horse.
abhiruyha (???, ger, ind) having mounted.
aakaasena (m-a/ins/sg) through sky.
gantvaa (???, ger, ind) having gone.
bodhimaalake (m-a/loc/sg) in the encolsure of the Bodhi tree.
- bodhi (f-i/stem) of Bodhi.
- maalake (m-a/loc/sg) in the (consecrated) enclosure.
.thatvaa (???, ger, ind) having stood.
aagacchantu-ayyaa [sandhi] aagacchantu ayyaa.
- aagacchantu (???, imperative, 3rd/pl) let them come.
- ayyaa (n-a/nom/pl) gentlemen.
suva.n.namaalaa (f-aa/acc/pl) beautiful garlands.
- suva.n.na (adj/stem) beautiful.
- maalaa (f-aa/acc/pl) garlands.
puujetu.m (???, inf, ind) to offer.
ugghosesi (???, aor act, 3rd/sg) shouted.
tenettha [sandhi] tena ettha.
- tena (adv) there.
- ettha (adv) now.
Trilinear:
saapi ta.m pa.tijaggamaanaa aakaasagaamibhaava.m ~natvaa sammaa
pa.tijaggantii eva.m cintesi,
she-and also / it / looking after / ability to fly / having known /
properly / taking care of / thus / thought
And also, looking after it, knowing (its) ability to fly and tending
to (it) well, she thought:
pu~n~nakara.nassa me sahaayo laddhoti,
of doing good / my / friend / obtained
"My friend, obtained of doing good.
agatapubbaaca me bhagavato sakala.m maarabala.m vidhametvaa
buddhabhuutassa jayamahaabodhibhuumi,
not gone before-and / by me / of the Blessed One / entire / Mara's
force / having destroyed / of the one who become the Buddha / place
of victory and great enlightenment
The place of victory and great enlightenment, of the one who
destroyed the entire Mara's force and become the Buddha, of the
Blessed One, and (is) not gone before by me.
yannuunaaha.m tattha gantvaa bhagavato jayamahaabodhi.m vandeyyanti
now then let me / there / having gone / of the Blessed One / great
sacred Bodhi / should pay homage
Then, let me now go there and pay homage to the great sacred Bodhi
(tree) of the Blessed One.",
cintetvaa bahuu rajatasuva.n.namaalaadayo kaaraapetvaa ekadivasa.m
assam'abhiruyha aakaasena gantvaa bodhimaalake .thatvaa aagacchantu-
ayyaa suva.n.namaalaa puujetu.mti ugghosesi.
having thought / many / garlands of silver, gold and others / having
made / one day / horse / having mounted / through sky / having gone /
in the enclosure of the Bodhi tree / having stood / let ... come /
gentlemen / beautiful garlands / to offer / shouted
(she) thought, made many garlands of silver, gold and others, mounted
the horse and flew through the sky (for) one day, stood in the
enclosure of the Bodhi tree, and shouted, "Let the gentlemen come to
offer beautiful garlands."
tenettha.
there / now
There and then.
English:
While looking after it, she thought: "My friend, obtained of doing
good. I have not gone to the place of the great sacred Bodhi tree, of
the Blessed One who destroyed the entire Mara's force and become the
Buddha, before."
And when knowing its ability to fly and tending to it well, "Then,
let me now go there and pay homage to the great sacred Bodhi tree of
the Blessed One," she thought.
She made many garlands of silver, gold and others, mounted the horse
and flew through the sky for one day, arrived at the enclosure of the
Bodhi tree, and shouted, "Let the gentlemen come to offer beautiful
garlands."
yato (adv.) from which time, since.
pa.t.thaayaha.m [sandhi] pa.t.thaaya aha.m.
- pa.t.thaaya (???, ger, ind) having started out.
- aha.m (pers pron, 1st/sg) I.
buddha (m-a/stem) of Buddha.
saasane (n-a/lco/sg) in teaching.
suddhamaanasaa [K] suddhaa maanasaa
- suddha (adj/stem) purified.
- maanasaa (n-as/abl/sg) from mind.
pasannaa (adj) pleased.
tena (rel pron, n/ins/sg) with that.
saccena (n-a/ins/sg) with truth.
mamaanuggahabuddhiyaa = mama anuggaha buddhiyaa.
- mama (pers pron, 1st/sg) to/for me.
- anuggaha (m-a/stem) compassion.
- buddhiyaa (f-i/ins/sg) with wisdom.
aagacchantu (???, imperative act, 3rd/pl) let them come.
namassantu (???, imperative act, 3rd/pl) let them honour.
bodhi.m (f-i/acc/sg) Bodhi.
puujentu (???, imperative act, 3rd/pl) let them venerate.
saadhuka.m (adv) well, thoroughly.
so.n.namaalaahi [K] so.n.naahi maalaahi (f-aa/ins/pl) with golden
garlands.
- so.n.na (adj, stem) golden.
- maalaahi (f-aa/ins/pl) with garlands.
sambuddha (m-a/stem) the self-enlightened one.
puttaa (m-a/nom/pl) sons.
ariyasaavakaa [K] ariyaa saavakaa (m-a/nom/pl) noble disciples.
- ariya (adj, stem) noble.
- saavakaa (m-a/nom/pl) disciples.
sutvaa (???, ger, ind) having heard.
ta.m (rel pron, n/acc/sg) that.
vacana.m (n-a/acc/sg) word.
ayyaa (n-a/nom/pl) gentlemen.
bahuu (adj, m/nom/pl) many.
siiha.lavaasino [K] siiha.la vaasino (adj/nom/pl) people living in
Ceylon.
- siiha.la (m-a, stem) Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
- vaasino (adj/nom/pl) living in.
aagamma (???, ger, ind) having come.
nabhasaa (n-a/ins/sg) through the clouds.
tattha (adv) there.
vandi.msu (???, aor act, 1st/sg) paid homage.
ca (conj) and.
mahi.msu (???, aor act, 1st/sg) revered.
ca (conj) and.
Trilinear:
Yato pa.t.thaayaha.m buddha, saasane suddhamaanasaa;
from which time / having started out-I / of Buddha / in teaching /
from purified mind
Since I have started out in the Buddha's teaching,
pasannaa tena saccena, mamaanuggahabuddhiyaa.
pleased / with that / with truth / with compassion on me
pleased with that truth from a purified mind, with compassion on me.
Aagacchantu namassantu, bodhi.m puujentu saadhuka.m;
let ... come / let ... honour / Bodhi tree / let ... venerate / well
Let the sons, the noble disciples come, and honour and venerate well
so.n.namaalaahi sambuddha, puttaa ariyasaavakaa.
with golden garlands / of the self-enlightened one / sons / noble
disciples
with golden garlands the Bodhi tree of the self-enlightened one.
Sutvaa ta.m vacana.m ayyaa, bahuu siiha.lavaasino;
having heard / that / word / gentlemen / many / people living in
Ceylon
The gentlemen, many are people living in Ceylon, having heard that
word,
aagamma nabhasaa tattha, vandi.msu ca mahi.msu caati.
having come / through the clouds / there / paid homage / and /
revered / and
came there through the clouds, paid homage and revered (it).
English:
[ Free English translation open for suggestions. ]
tato-ppabhuti (adv) from that time.
saa (rel pron, f/nom/sg) that.
kumaarikaa (f-aa/nom/sg) girl.
buddhasaasane [T-gen] buddhassa saasane (n-a/lco/sg) in teaching of
the Buddha.
- buddha (m-a/stem) of Buddha.
- saasane (n-a/lco/sg) in teaching.
atiiva [sandhi] ati iva (ind) very much.
pasannaa (adj) pleased.
niccameva [sandhi] nicca.m eva.
- nicca.m (adv) perpetually, constantly, always.
- eva (adv) so.
assamabhiruyha [sandhi] assa.m abhiruyha.
- assa.m (m-a/acc/sg) horse.
- abhiruyha (???, ger, ind) having mounted.
aagantvaa (???, ger, ind) having come.
ariyehi (n-a/ins/pl) with the nobles.
saddhi.m (ind) with.
mahaabodhi.m (f-i/acc/sg) great Bodhi.
- mahaa (adj) great.
- bodhi.m (f-i/acc/sg) Bodhi.
suva.n.namaalaahi (f-aa/ins/pl) with beautiful garlands.
- suva.n.na (adj/stem) beautiful.
- maalaahi (f-aa/ins/pl) with garlands.
puujetvaa (???, ger, ind) having venerated.
gacchati (???, pres act, 3rd/sg) goes.
atha (ind) and then, now.
paa.taliputtanagaropavane [T-gen] paa.taliputtanagaropavane (n-
a/loc/sg) in the wood near the city of Paataliputta.
- paa.taliputta (m-a/stem) Paataliputta or Paataligaama, the capital
of ancient Magadha, situated near modern Patna.
- nagaropavane [sandhi] nagara upavane (n-a/loc/sg) in the wood near
the city.
vanacaraa (n-a/nom/pl) foresters.
- vana (n-a/stem) forest.
- caraa (adj, n/nom/pl) walking.
tassaa (rel pron, f/gen/sg) her.
abhi.nha.m (adv) repeatedly, continuous, often.
gacchantiyaa (???, pres act participle, f/gen/sg) of going.
ca (conj) and.
aagacchantiyaa (???, pres act participle, f/gen/sg) of coming.
ca (conj) and.
ruupasampatti.m [T-gen] ruupassa sampatti.m (f-i/acc/sg) beauty.
- ruupa (n-a/stem) form, appearance.
- sampatti.m (f-i/acc/sg) excellency.
disvaa (???, ger, ind) having seen.
ra~n~no (m-an/dat/sg) to king.
kathesu.m (???, aor act, 3rd/pl) reported.
mahaaraaja [K] mahaa raaja (m-an/voc/sg) great king.
- mahaa [form of mahant in compounds] (adj) great.
- raaja (m-an/voc/sg) king.
evaruupaa (adj, f/nom/sg) of such beauty.
kumaarikaa (f-aa/nom/sg) girl.
assamabhiruyha [sandhi] assa.m abhiruyha.
- assa.m (m-a/acc/sg) horse.
- abhiruyha (???, ger, ind) having mounted.
aagantvaa (???, ger, ind) having come.
nibandha.m (m-a/acc/sg) frequently.
vanditvaa (???, ger, ind) having paid homage.
gacchati (???, pres act, 3rd/sg) goes.
devassaanuruupaa [T-dat] devassa anuruupaa (f-aa/nom/sg) one suitable
to king.
- devassa (m-a/dat/sg) to king.
- anuruupaa (adj, f/nom/sg) suitable, adequate, seeming, fit, worthy.
aggamahesii [K] aggaa mahesii (f-ii/nom/sg) queen consort.
- agga (adj, stem) chief.
- mahesii (f-ii/nom/sg) queen.
bhavitu.m (???, inf, ind) to be.
Trilinear:
Tato-ppabhuti saa kumaarikaa buddhasaasane atiiva pasannaa niccameva
assamabhiruyha aagantvaa ariyehi saddhi.m mahaabodhi.m
suva.n.namaalaahi puujetvaa gacchati,
from that time / that / girl / in teaching of the Buddha / very
much / pleased / always-so / having mounted the horse / having come /
with the nobles / with / great Bodhi / with beautiful garlands /
having venerated / goes
From that time, that girl, very much pleased in the teaching of the
Buddha, always so mounts the horse, comes with the nobles, venerates
the great Bodhi with beautiful garlands, and goes (away).
atha paa.taliputtanagaropavane vanacaraa tassaa abhi.nha.m
gacchantiyaa ca aagacchantiyaa ca ruupasampatti.m disvaa ra~n~no
kathesu.m.
and then / in the wood near the city of Paataliputta / foresters /
her / repeatedly / of going and / of coming and / beauty / having
seen / to king / reported
And then, foresters, having seen (her) beauty of her going and coming
repeatedly in the wood near the city of Paataliputta, reported to the
king.
Mahaaraaja evaruupaa kumaarikaa assamabhiruyha aagantvaa nibandha.m
vanditvaa gacchati.
great king / of such beauty / girl / having mounted the horse /
having come / frequently / having paid homage / goes
"Great king, a girl of such beauty mounts the horse, comes and pays
homage frequently, and goes.
Devassaanuruupaa aggamahesii bhavitunti,
one suitable to king / queen consort / to be
(She is) the one suitable to be the queen consort for the king."
English:
From that time, Buddheni, who is very much pleased with the Buddha's
teaching, always ride the horse and come with the nobles to venerate
the great Bodhi tree with beautiful garlands, and leaves. Now, the
foresters saw her coming and leaving repeatedly in the wood near the
city of Paataliputta, and reported to the king about her beauty.
"Great king, a girl of such beauty, comes and goes frequently, riding
a horse and paying homage. She is the one suitable to be the queen
consort for the king."