Dear Friends,

>For #10, I am not sure, but I rely on your knowledge that 'aagato' is
>in the equivalent of English Present Perfect Tense.

I don't know about comparing languages, but I would not focus on the
tense... you can say that "aagata" as an adjective that modifies
"raaja". Then there is no question of tense - the kings "are" come.
Of course you could use "the kings have come". I have to agree that
"the kings had come" is probably not proper here; it suggests that the
kings have left already, when this is not clear - they may still be
waiting to see the king.

>Since Pali does use the past
>participle (here "aagataa", with an implied copulative - honti) for
>the perfect, I would translate this as "have come".

Don't we find such sentences as "the kings are come" in ye olde
English poetry? :)

Suma"ngalaani,

Yuttadhammo