Venerable Bhnate Pesala,
op 22-03-2005 11:50 schreef Bhikkhu Pesala op pesala@...:
. I found Bhikkhu Bodhi's note 411 in the

> Majjhimanikaya on the meaning of Gandhabba, but I don't have access to
> Wijesekera's Buddhist and Vedic Stuties, pp.195-202, which might clarify
> it further.

N: I found a lot of info in Dict. of Pali Proper Names, I, p. 746 under
Gandhabba. I think that recently a link was given to this dict.?
The lowest among devas of the Caatummahaaraajika. ..regarded as heavenly
musicians... There is an erroneous translation of gandhabba in passages
dealing with conception. Tiika says it states for gantabba. (That is: he
should go). The Co state <tatruupakasatta tasmim okaase nibbattanako satto-
meaning a being fit and ready to be born to the parents concerned.>
I am thinking here of the Bodhisatta in Tusita Heaven. The cuti-citta is
immediately succeeded by the pa.tisandhicitta of the next life, it
conditions it by anantara-paccaya. There is no pause whatsoever in between.
With respect,
Nina.

The problem with the term arises from the Mahayana doctrine regarding the

> bardo state:
>
> "...when a person dies, there arises a gandharava [so called because they
> live on odors] with all five aggreggates, in a mind-made body.
>
> When this bardo being, or gandharva, observes two beings engaged in
> intercourse [presuming they are going to take a womb rebirth], they
> experience attachment towards the bliss they observe, attracted to the
> site of genitals, they mingle with the semen and ovum, and when the zygote
> solidifies, the bardo being perishes, and that the stream of conciousness
> is now integrated with the newly formed embryo...."
>
> I was hoping to find out that there was a different etymology of the usage
> in the two different contexts of "heavenly musician" and "a being destined
> for the womb" to clarify why this misunderstanding arose in the Mahayana.
>
> According to the Theravada teaching, there is no such intermediate being
> or spirit or bardo realm. Gandhabba means something entirely different to
> Gandharva - unfortunately the same Pali word is used in both contexts.
>
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