Re: Pali pronunciation From: Dimitry A. Ivakhnenko (Дмитрий Алексеевич Ивахненко)
Message: 3434
Date: 2003-09-10
Dear Nina and friends,
nvg> <There is a good two page passage near the end of the Samantapaasaadikaa
nvg> (pp.
nvg> 1399-1400) that gets into phonetics (the terms are also defined in the
nvg> Saddaniiti) and the correctness of pronunciation in legalistic matters
nvg> and there is quite a lot of detail on the various ways in which Pali
is mispronounced..>>
Here is this passage:
485. Anussaavanato vipattiya.m pana vatthu-aadiini vuttanayeneva veditabbaani. Eva.m pana nesa.m aparaamasana.m hoti- "su.naatu me bhante sa'ngho"ti pa.thamaanussaavane "dutiyampi etamattha.m vadaami, tatiyampi etamattha.m vadaami, su.naatu me bhante sa'ngho"ti dutiyatatiyaanussaavanaasu vaa "aya.m dhammarakkhito aayasmato buddharakkhitassa upasampadaapekkho"ti vattabbe "su.naatu me bhante sa'ngho, aayasmato buddharakkhitassaa"ti vadanto vatthu.m na paraamasati naama. "Su.naatu me bhante sa'ngho, aya.m dhammarakkhito"ti vattabbe "su.naatu me bhante, aya.m dhammarakkhito"ti vadanto sa'ngha.m na paraamasati naama. "Su.naatu me bhante sa'ngho, aya.m dhammarakkhito aayasmato buddharakkhitassaa"ti vattabbe "su.naatu me bhante sa'ngho, aya.m dhammarakkhito upasampadaapekkho"ti vadanto puggala.m na paraamasati naama.
Saavana.m haapetiiti sabbena sabba.m kammavaacaaya anussaavana.m na karoti, ~nattidutiyakamme dvikkhattu.m ~nattimeva .thapeti, ~natticatutthakamme catukkhattu.m ~nattimeva .thapeti; eva.m anussaavana.m haapeti. Yopi ~nattidutiyakamme eka.m ~natti.m .thapetvaa eka.m kammavaaca.m anussaavento akkhara.m vaa cha.d.deti, pada.m vaa durutta.m karoti, ayampi anussaavana.m haapetiyeva. Сatticatuttha kamme pana eka.m ~natti.m .thapetvaa sakimeva vaa dvikkhattu.m vaa kammavaacaaya anussaavana.m karontopi akkhara.m vaa pada.m vaa cha.d.dentopi durutta.m karontopi anussaavana.m haapetiyevaati veditabbo.
Durutta.m karotiiti ettha pana aya.m vinicchayo- yo hi a~n~nasmi.m akkhare vattabbe a~n~na.m vadati, aya.m durutta.m karoti naama. Tasmaa kammavaaca.m karontena bhikkhunaa yvaaya.m-
"Sithila.m dhanita~nca diigharassa.m, garuka.m lahuka~nca niggahita.m;
sambandha.m vavatthita.m vimutta.m, dasadhaa bya~njanabuddhiyaa pabhedo"ti.
Vutto, aya.m su.t.thu upalakkhetabbo. Ettha hi "sithila.m" naama pa~ncasu vaggesu pa.thamatatiya.m. "Dhanita.m" naama tesveva dutiyacatuttha.m. "Diighan"ti diighena kaalena vattabba.m aakaaraadi. "Rassan"ti tato upa.d.dhakaalena vattabba.m akaaraadi. "Garukan"ti diighameva. Ya.m vaa aayasmato buddharakkhitattherassa yassa nakkhamatiiti eva.m sa.myogapara.m katvaa vuccati. "Lahukan"ti rassameva. Ya.m vaa aayasmato buddharakkhitatherassa yassa na khamatiiti eva.m asa.myogapara.m katvaa vuccati. "Niggahitan"ti ya.m kara.naani niggahetvaa avissajjetvaa aviva.tena mukhena saanunaasika.m katvaa vattabba.m. "Sambandhan"ti ya.m parapadena sambandhitvaa "tu.nhissaa"ti vaa "tu.nhassaa"ti vaa vuccati. "Vavatthitan"ti ya.m parapadena asambandha.m katvaa vicchinditvaa "tu.nhii assaa"ti vaa "tu.nha assaa"ti vaa vuccati. "Vimuttan"ti ya.m kara.naani aniggahetvaa vissajjetvaa viva.tena mukhena anunaasika.m akatvaa vuccati.
Tattha "su.naatu me"ti vattabbe ta-kaarassa tha-kaara.m katvaa "su.naathu me"ti vacana.m sithilassa dhanitakara.na.m naama. Tathaa "pattakalla.m, esaa ~nattii"ti vattabbe "patthakalla.m, esaa ~natthii"ti-aadivacana~nca. "Bhante sa'ngho"ti vattabbe bha-kaara gha-kaaraana.m ba-kaara ga-kaare katvaa "bante sa'ngo"ti vacana.m dhanitassa sithilakara.na.m naama. "Su.naatu me"ti viva.tena mukhena vattabbe pana "su.na.mtu me"ti vaa "esaa ~nattii"ti vattabbe "esa.m ~nattii"ti vaa aviva.tena mukhena anunaasika.m katvaa vacana.m vimuttassa niggahitavacana.m naama. "Pattakallan"ti aviva.tena mukhena anunaasika.m katvaa vattabbe "pattakallaa"ti viva.tena mukhena anunaasika.m akatvaa vacana.m niggahitassa vimuttavacana.m naama.
Iti sithile kattabbe dhanita.m, dhanite kattabbe sithila.m, vimutte kattabbe niggahita.m, niggahite kattabbe vimuttanti imaani cattaari bya~njanaani antokammavaacaaya kamma.m duusenti. Eva.m vadanto hi a~n~nasmi.m akkhare vattabbe a~n~na.m vadati, durutta.m karotiiti vuccati. Itaresu pana diigharassaadiisu chasu bya~njanesu diigha.t.thaane diighameva, rassa.t.thaane ca rassamevaati eva.m yathaa.thaane ta.m tadeva akkhara.m bhaasantena anukkamaagata.m pave.ni.m avinaasentena kammavaacaa kaatabbaa. Sace pana eva.m akatvaa diighe vattabbe rassa.m, rasse vaa vattabbe diigha.m vadati; tathaa garuke vattabbe lahuka.m, lahuke vaa vattabbe garuka.m vadati; sambandhe vaa pana vattabbe vavatthita.m, vavatthite vaa vattabbe sambandha.m vadati; eva.m vuttepi kammavaacaa na kuppati. Imaani hi cha bya~njanaani kamma.m na kopenti.
Ya.m pana suttantikattheraa "da-kaaro ta-kaaramaapajjati, ta-kaaro da-kaaramaapajjati, ca-kaaro ja-kaaramaapajjati, ja-kaaro ca-kaaramaapajjati, ya-kaaro ka-kaaramaapajjati, ka-kaaro ya-kaaramaapajjati; tasmaa dakaaraadiisu vattabbesu ta-kaaraadivacana.m na virujjhatii"ti vadanti, ta.m kammavaaca.m patvaa na va.t.tati. Tasmaa vinayadharena neva da-kaaro ta-kaaro kaatabbo ┘pe┘ na ka-kaaro ya-kaaro. Yathaapaa.liyaa nirutti.m sodhetvaa dasavidhaaya bya~njananiruttiyaa vuttadose pariharantena kammavaacaa kaatabbaa. Itarathaa hi saavana.m haapeti naama.
Akaale vaa saavetiiti saavanaaya akaale anokaase ~natti.m a.t.thapetvaa pa.thama.myeva anussaavanakamma.m katvaa pacchaa ~natti.m .thapeti. Iti imehi pa~ncahaakaarehi anussaavanato kammaani vipajjanti.
Metta,
Dimitry