Ong Yong Peng wrote:

> Dear friends,
>
> the word this week is uppajjati (verb): to be born, to arise. We have
> today many familiar words even for those who do not study Pali. Allow
> me to dedicate it to everyone reading the mails, and an early Vesak
> greetings to everyone. Please help me to put the words together.
> Thanks.
>
> DN2 Sama~n~naphala Sutta CSCD190/PTS1.62
> Bhagavaa etadavoca - "idha, mahaaraaja,
> the Blessed One / he spoke / here / great king
> The Blessed One said: "Here, great king,
>
> Bhagavaa - the Blessed One.
> etad (pronoun) he.
> avoca (3rd person aor. of vatti) said, spoke.
> etadavoca - he spoke.
> idha (adv.) here, in this world.

Masc. nom. sg. of eta, it seems, would be eso (Warder p.30).
Here, etad = this (neut. sg. nom/acc.)
Perniola gives some background: "Instead of the neuter form ta.m, there
is sometimes tad when followed by a vowel or in composition: tad eva.m =
that indeed; etad avoca = said such a thing; takkara (from tad-kara) =
doing it.

> Tathaagato loke uppajjati Araha.m
> the Enlightened One / in world / is born / Arahant
> the Enlightened One is born in (this) world, the Arahant,
>
> Tathaagata - the Enlightened One.
> loka (m.) world.
> Araha.m - Arahant.

Yes, Araha.m = arahant. I didn't know that before Buddhism this was an
honorific title of high officials, like the Eng: His worship. At the
rise of Bdsm. it was applied to all ascetics, but then was adopted for
the one who attains the goal of religious aspiration (nibbaana)-- PED.

The conjugation is :

Nom. araha.m (pl. arahanto)
Acc. arahanta.m
Ins. arahataa
Gen. arahato
Loc arahantamhi

(Other forms little used)

Bhagavant is the same, except nom sg. is bhagavaa (arahaa also exists),
and loc. is bhagavati.

--Rene

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