Dear Yong Peng,
op 31-03-2003 14:26 schreef Ong Yong Peng op ypong001@...:

Ayam belongs to the king, this king the PTS translates. Can you elaborate
on the suffix -aya.m, please.
N:Khataaya.m, bhikkhave, raajaa, upahataaya.m, bhikkhave, raajaa.
Ayam is this, masc. : thus twice the aaya.m is stuck together (sandhi)
with the previous particip: khata and upahata, and it belongs to raajaa.

>
>> N: I know it is difficult to translate dukkha, it is also
> translated as ill, and even as stress which I find too loaded. I
> myself opt for unsatisfactory, because I do not only think of
> sickness, etc. but I also think of the noble truth of dukkha: the
> five khandhas, all conditioned dhanmmas, are impermanent and thus, no
> refuge, they are unsatisfactory.
> Y: I agree on that too, however there is a tricky language
> problem. 'Unsatisfactory' is an adjective,
> and 'unsatisfactoriness', 'unsatisfaction' or 'non-satisfaction' is
> not a proper English word. There are still many words close to that,
> such as distress, unhappiness, sadness and agony. However, they do
> not convey the clear message of 'unsatisfactoriness'. What do you
> think?

N: We read in the Visuddhimagga (Ch XVI, 13 ff) about the different meanings
of dukkha: 1. dukkha-dukkha, intrinsic dukkha, painful feeling and
unpleasant (mental) feeling, and this is the more obvious suffering.
2. Parinaama dukkha, the changeability of things; when what is pleasant
changes one suffers. 3. Finally, sa.nkhaara dukkha, the impermanence of all
conditioned realities (sa.nkhaara dhammas) which are therefore
unsatisfactory.
I agree with Rene that in different contexts we could use different transl.
Nyantiloka in Buddhist dictionary still uses unsatisfactoriness. Renee says:
<Dissatisfaction’ is another possibility. It conveys subjective nuances>.
That is difficult because here as the noble Truth it is a characteristic
inherent in all conditioned dhammas. I am inclined to leave it untranslated
here. Or: to use the adjective: unsatisfactory, or: the unsatisfactory
nature of all conditioned dhammas.
Nina.