1. Kassako khetta.m kasitvaa nahaayitu.m udaka.m otari.
kassako = farmer (nom.)
khetta.m = field (acc.)
kasitvaa = having ploughed
nahaayitu.m = to bathe
udaka.m = water (acc.)
otari = descended
Ans: Having ploughed the field, the farmer descended into the water
to bathe.
2. Ugga.nhantaana.m daarakaana.m daatu.m aacariyaa kusumaani
aahari.msu.
ugga.nhantaana.m = learning
daarakaana.m = children (dat.)
daatu.m = to give
aacariyaa = teachers (nom.)
kusumaani = flowers (acc.)
aahari.msu = brought
Ans: The teachers brought flowers to give to children who are
learning.
3. Upaasakaa aasanehi u.t.thahitvaa dhamma.m desetu.m
upasa"nkamanta.m sama.na.m vandi.msu.
upaasakaa = lay devotees (nom.)
aasanehi = seats (abl.)
u.t.thahitvaa = having gotten up
dhamma.m = doctrine (acc.)
desetu.m = to preach
upasa"nkamanta.m = approaching
sama.na.m = monk (acc.)
vandi.msu = saluted
Ans: Lay devotees got up/rose from their seats and saluted/worshipped
the monk approaching/coming to preach the dhamma.
4. Nagaresu kammaani katvaa vetane labhitu.m aaka"nkhamaanaa naraa
gaamehi nikkhami.msu.
nagaresu = cities (loc.)
kammaani katvaa = having worked
vetane = wages (acc.)
labhitu.m = to get
aaka"nkhamaanaa = hoping
naraa = men/people (nom.)
gaamehi = villages (abl.)
nikkhami.msu = left
Ans: People who hoped to work in cities and get wages left the
villages.
5. Aacariyo aasana.m dussena chaadetvaa samana.m nisiiditu.m
nimantesi.
aacariyo = teacher (nom.)
aasana.m = seat (acc.)
dussena = cloth (ins.)
chaadetvaa = having covered
samana.m = monk (acc.)
nisiiditu.m = to sit
nimantesi = invited
Ans: The teacher covered the seat with cloth and invited the monk to
sit.
6. Kumaaro dvaara.m vivaritvaa rukkhamhaa oruhante vaanare passamaano
a.t.thaasi.
kumaaro = boy (nom.)
dvaara.m = door (acc.)
vivaritvaa = having opened
rukkhamhaa = tree (abl.)
oruhante = descending
vaanare = monkeys (acc.)
passamaano = looking at
a.t.thaasi = stood
Ans: The boy opened the door and stood looking at monkeys
descending/getting down from the tree.
7. Pa.n.dito go.ne coretvaa akusala.m karonte nare pakkositvaa ovadi.
pa.n.dito = wise man (nom.)
go.ne = oxen (acc.)
coretvaa = having stolen
akusala.m = evil (acc.)
karonte = doing
nare = men/people (acc.)
pakkositvaa = having called
ovadi = advised
Ans: The wise man summoned and advised people who committed evil by
stealing oxen.
8. Yaacakassa puttaa rukkhehi patantaani phalaani sa.mharitvaa
aapa.nasmi.m vikki.ni.msu.
yaacakassa = beggar's (gen.)
puttaa = sons (nom.)
rukkhehi = trees (abl.)
patantaani = falling
phalaani = fruits (acc.)
sa.mharitvaa = having collected
aapa.nasmi.m = market (loc.)
vikki.ni.msu = sold
Ans: The beggar's sons collected fruits falling from trees and sold
(them) at the market.
9. Kassako dha~n~na.m minitvaa vaa.nijassa vikki.nitu.m pahi.ni.
kassako = farmer (nom.)
dha~n~na.m = corn (acc.)
minitvaa = having measured
vaa.nijassa = merchant (dat.)
vikki.nitu.m = to sell
pahi.ni = sent
Ans: The farmer measured corn and sent (them) to sell to the merchant.
10. Dhamma.m ugga.nhitvaa sama.no bhavitu.m aaka"nkhamaano amacco
aacariya.m pariyesamaano Buddha.m upasa"nkami.
dhamma.m = doctrine (acc.)
ugga.nhitvaa = having learned
sama.no = monk (nom.)
bhavitu.m = to be/become
aaka"nkhamaano = wishing
amacco = minister (nom.)
aacariya.m = teacher (acc.)
pariyesamaano = seeking
Buddha.m = Buddha (acc.)
upasa"nkami = approached
Ans: Wishing to learn the dhamma and become a monk, the minister who
is seeking/looking for a teacher, approached Buddha.
11. Sace tumhe gaama.m paapu.neyyaatha mitte olokeyyaatha.
sace = if
tumhe = you
gaama.m = village (acc.)
paapu.neyyaatha = would reach
mitte = friends (acc.)
olokeyyaatha = would see
Ans: If you reach the village, you would see friends.
12. Pa.n.ditamhaa pa~nhe pucchitvaa sacca.m jaanitu.m maatulo ussahi.
pa.n.ditamhaa = wise man (abl.)
pa~nhe = questions (acc.)
pucchitvaa = having asked
sacca.m = truth (acc.)
jaanitu.m = to know
maatulo = uncle (nom.)
ussahi = tried
Ans: Having asked questions from the wise man, uncle tried to know
the truth.
13. Paasaa.namhi .thatvaa aja.m khaadanta.m siiha.m disvaa vaanaraa
bhaayi.msu.
paasaa.namhi = rock (loc.)
.thatvaa = having stood
aja.m = goat (acc.)
khaadanta.m = eating
siiha.m = lion (acc.)
disvaa = having seen
vaanaraa = monkeys (nom.)
bhaayi.msu = got frightened
Ans: Seeing a lion eating a goat standing on the rock, monkeys got
frightened.
14. Rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa gitaani gaayantaana.m kumaaraana.m
kaayesu pa.n.naani ca pupphaani ca pati.msu.
rukkhamuule = foot of a tree (loc.)
nisiiditvaa = seated
gitaani = songs (acc.)
gaayantaana.m = singing
kumaaraana.m = boys' (gen.)
kaayesu = bodies (loc.)
pa.n.naani = leaves (nom.)
ca = and
pupphaani = flowers (nom.)
ca = and
pati.msu = fell
Ans: Leaves and flowers fell on bodies of boys seated at the foot of
a tree singing songs.
15. Tumhe dhana.m sa.mharamaanaa maa samudda.m taritvaa diipa.m
gacchatha.
tumhe = you
dhana.m = wealth (acc.)
sa.mharamaanaa = collecting
maa = not
samudda.m = sea (acc.)
taritvaa = having crossed
diipa.m = island (acc.)
gacchatha = may go
Ans: Do not cross the sea and go to the island collecting wealth.
16. Aapa.nasi.m bha.n.daani vikki.nantassa vaa.nijassa ratho atthi.
aapa.nasi.m = shop (loc.)
bha.n.daani = goods (acc.)
vikki.nantassa = selling
vaa.nijassa = merchant's (gen.)
ratho = vehicle (nom.)
atthi = (to be)
Ans: The merchant who sells goods at the shop has a vehicle.
17. Aha.m puttassa daatu.m dussa.m sibhanto giita.m gaayi.m.
aha.m = I
puttassa = son (dat.)
daatu.m = to give
dussa.m = clothe (acc.)
sibhanto = sewing
giita.m = song (acc.)
gaayi.m = sang
Ans: I sang the song while sewing clothe to give to my son.
18. Suukaraa ca sunakhaa ca khette aavaate kha.ni.msu.
Ans: Pigs and dogs dug pits in the field.
19. Purisaa rukkhamuule nisiiditvaa taapasena bhaasamaana.m su.ni.msu.
Ans: People sat at the foot of a tree and listened to the speech by
the ascetic.
20. Luddakena saddhi.m vane aahi.n.dante putte aamantetvaa kassakaa
akkosi.msu.
Ans: Farmers called and scolded the sons who were wandering in the
forest with the hunter.
21. Maa tva.m suva.n.napatta.m vikki.nitvaa khagge ki.naahi.
Ans: Do not sell the golden bowl and buy swords.
22. So bha.n.daani ca khetta.m ca go.ne ca puttaana.m da.tvaa geha.m
pahaaya sama.no bhavitu.m cintesi.
Ans: Having given goods, the field and oxen to his sons, he thought
of leaving the household to be a monk.
23. Dhammena jiivantaa sappurisaa mige na maaresu.m.
Ans: Good men living righteously did not kill deer.
24. Aha.m sopaana.m aaruhi.m, te sopaanamhaa oruhi.msu.
Ans: I climbed the stairway, they descended from the stairway.
25. Sahaayakaa udaka.m otaritvaa nahaayantaa padumaani ocini.msu.
Ans: Having descended into the water, friends who were bathing picked
flowers.
Translate into Paali:
1. The child sprinkled the lotuses with water and honoured the Buddha
with them.
Ans: Daarako udakena padumaani aasi~ncitvaa tehi Buddha.m puujesi.
2. Having received the pay the men went to the market and bought
goods.
Ans: Purisaa vetana.m labhitvaa aapa.na.m gantvaa bha.n.daani
ki.ni.msu.
3. The fisherman brought fish from the sea and sold them to the
farmers.
Ans: Dhiivaro samuddamhaa macche aaharitvaa kassakaana.m vikki.ni.
4. If you go to bathe wash the clothes of the children.
Ans: Sace tva.m nahaayitu.m gacchasi daarakaana.m vatthaani dhovaahi.
5. The parrots and the crows flew into the sky from the trees.
Ans: Sukaa ca kaakaa ca rukkhehi aakaasa.m u.d.desu.m.
6. Do not scold the children playing under the tree with the dog.
Ans: Rukkhamuule sunakena saha kii.lante daarake maa akkosatha.
7. I spoke to the people sitting in the park having assembled to see
the king.
Ans: Aha.m bhuupaala.m passitu.m sannipatitvaa uyyaane
nisiidantaana.m manussaana.m kathesi.m.
8. We got frightened seeing a serpent enter the house.
Ans: Geha.m pavisanta.m sappa.m disvaa maya.m bhaayimha.
9. I gave water to my son eating rice together with his friend.
Ans: Aha.m mittena saha odana.m bhu~njantaaya puttaaya paaniiya.m
dadi.m.
10. Maa papa.m karohi, manussalokasmaa cavitvaa sagga.m pavisitu.m
kusalaani karohi.