[ Abbreviations ]
nom. - nominative case
acc. - accusative case
ins. - instrumental case
abl. - ablative case
dat. - dative case
gen. - genitive case
loc. - locative case
voc. - vocative case
masc. - masculine gender
neut. - neuter gender
sing. - singular
plur. - plural
indec. - indeclinable
Exercise 13:
Translate into English:
1. Buddho vihaarasmi.m sannipatantaana.m manussaana.m dhamma.m deseti.
Buddho = Buddha (nom.)
vihaarasmi.m = monastery (loc.)
sannipatantaana.m = assembling
manussaana.m = men (dat.)
dhamma.m = doctrine (acc.)
deseti = preaches
Ans: Buddha preaches dhamma to men assembling in the monastery.
2. Buddhassa puujetu.m cintento upaasako pupphaani ocinaati.
Buddhassa = Buddha (dat.)
puujetu.m = to offer
cintento = thinking
upaasako = lay devotee (nom.)
pupphaani = flowers (acc.)
ocinaati = picks
Ans: The lay devotee picks flowers, thinking to offer (them) to
Buddha.
3. Te patte udakena puurentaa giita.m gaayanti.
te = they
patte = bowls (acc.)
udakena = water (ins.)
puurentaa = filling
giita.m = song (acc.)
gaayanti = sing
Ans: Filling bowls with water, they sing a song.
4. Tumhe ara~n~ne vasante mige pii.letvaa asappurisaa hotha.
tumhe = you (plur.)
ara~n~ne = forest (loc.)
vasante = living
mige = deer (acc.)
pii.letvaa = having oppressed
asappurisaa = wicked men (nom.)
hotha = become
Ans: Having oppressed deer living in the forest, you become wicked
men.
5. Maya.m aapa.na.m gantvaa vaa.nijehi saddhi.m kathetvaa dha~n~na.m
vikki.naama.
maya.m = we
aapa.na.m = shop (acc.)
gantvaa = having gone
vaa.nijehi = merchants (ins.)
saddhi.m = with (indec.)
kathetvaa = having spoken
dha~n~na.m = corn (acc.)
vikki.naama = sell
Ans: We go to the shop, speak with the merchants and sell corn (to
them).
6. Tva.m u.d.denta.m suka.m disvaa ga.nhitu.m icchasi.
tva.m = you
u.d.denta.m = flying
suka.m = parrot (acc.)
disvaa = having seen
ga.nhitu.m = to catch
icchasi = wish
Ans: You, having seen the parrot flying, wish to catch it.
7. Pabbatamhaa udenta.m canda.m passitu.m kumaaro gharamhaa dhaavati.
pabbatamhaa = mountain (abl.)
udenta.m = rising
canda.m = moon (acc.)
passitu.m = to see
kumaaro = boy (nom.)
gharamhaa = house (abl.)
dhaavati = runs
Ans: The boy runs from the house to see the moon rising from the
mountain.
8. Aha.m kassakehi saha khettasmi.m rukkhe ropemi.
aha.m = I
kassakehi = farmers (ins.)
saha = with (indec.)
khettasmi.m = field (loc.)
rukkhe = trees (acc.)
ropemi = plant
Ans: I plant trees in the field with farmers.
9. Maya.m amaccehi saha mantentaa paasaadasmi.m aasanesu nisiidaama.
maya.m = we
amaccehi = ministers (ins.)
saha = with (indec.)
mantentaa = discussing
paasaadasmi.m = palace (loc.)
aasanesu = seats (loc.)
nissidaama = sit
Ans: We sit on seats in the palace discussing with ministers.
10. Tumhe Tathaagatassa saavake nimantetvaa daana.m detha.
tumhe = you (plur.)
Tathaagatassa = Buddha's (gen.)
saavake = disciples (acc.)
nimantetvaa = having invited
daana.m = alms (acc.)
detha = give
Ans: You invite Buddha's disciples and give alms.
11. Upaasakaa vihaara.m gantvaa diipe jaaletvaa dhamma.m sotu.m
nisiidanti.
upaasakaa = lay devotees (nom.)
vihaara.m = monastery (acc.)
gantvaa = having gone
diipe = lamps (acc.)
jaaletvaa = having kindled
dhamma.m = doctrine (acc.)
sotu.m = to hear
nisiidanti = sit
Ans: Lay devotees, having gone to the monastery and kindled/lit
lamps, sit down to hear/listen to the dhamma.
12. Luddako siisa.m dussena chaadetvaa nisiiditvaa saku.ne maretu.m
ussahati.
luddako = hunter (nom.)
siisa.m = head (acc.)
dussena = cloth (ins.)
chaadetvaa = having covered
nisiiditvaa = having seated
saku.ne = birds (acc.)
maretu.m = to kill
ussahati = tries
Ans: Having covered (his) head with cloth, the hunter sits down and
tries to kill birds.
13. So vane aahi.n.dante go.ne gaama.m aanetvaa vaa.nijaana.m
vikki.naati.
so = he
vane = forest (loc.)
aahi.n.dante = wandering
go.ne = oxen (acc.)
gaama.m = village (acc.)
aanetvaa = having brought
vaa.nijaana.m = merchants (dat.)
vikki.naati = sells
Ans: He brings oxen roaming in the forest to the village and sells
(them) to merchants.
14. Tva.m aapa.nehi bha.n.daani ki.nitvaa saka.tena aanetvaa gehe
.thapesi.
tva.m = you
aapa.nehi = shops (abl.)
bha.n.daani = goods (acc.)
ki.nitvaa = having bought
saka.tena = cart (ins.)
aanetvaa = having brought
gehe = house
.thapesi = keep
Ans: Having bought goods from shops and brought (them) by cart, you
keep (them) at home.
15. Tumhe kakacehi rukkhe chinditvaa pabbatamhaa paatetha.
tumhe = you (plur.)
kakacehi = saws (ins.)
rukkhe = trees (acc.)
chinditvaa = having cut
pabbatamhaa = mountain (abl.)
paatetha = fall
Ans: Having cut trees with saws, you fell (them) from the mountain.
17. Sacca.m ~naatu.m icchanto aha.m sama.nehi pa~nhe pucchaami.
Ans: Wishing to know the truth, I ask questions from monks.
18. Daana.m datvaa siila.m rakkhantaa sappurisaa saggaloka.m
paapu.nanti.
Ans: Virtuous men who give alms and protect virtue reach heaven.
19. Dha~n~na.m minanto kassako aapa.na.m netvaa dha~n~na.m
vikki.nitu.m cinteti.
Ans: The farmer measuring corn intends to take it to the market and
sell it.
20. Aha.m pattena paaniiya.m pivanto dvaarasmi.m .thatvaa magga.m
olokemi.
Ans: Drinking water from a bowl, I stand at the door and look at the
road.
21. So aapa.namhaa khiira.m ki.nitu.m putta.m pahi.naati.
Ans: He sends his son to buy milk from the shop.
22. Maya.m dhamma.m ugga.nhitu.m ussahantaa pa.n.ditena saha mantema.
Ans: Trying to learn the dhamma, we discuss with the wise man.
23. Corehi saddhi.m gehe bhinditvaa manusse pii.lentaa tumhe
asappurisaa hotha.
Ans: You are wicked men who oppress people by breaking into houses
with robbers.
24. Aha.m suva.n.na.m pariyesamaane diipamhaa aagacchante vaa.nije
jaanaami.
Ans: I know merchants who come from the island searching for gold.
25. Aha.m aacariyo homi, tva.m vejjo hosi.
Ans: I am a teacher, you are a doctor.
26. Tva.m asappurisa, Buddhena desenta.m dhamma.m sutvaa sappuriso
bhavitu.m ussahasi.
Ans: You wicked man, having heard the doctrine preached by the
Buddha, try to be a good man.
27. Aha.m pa.n.ditehi saddhi.m mantento dhammena diipa.m paalento
bhuupaalo asmi.
Ans: I am the king who discuss with wise men and govern the island
righteously.
28. Varaahe maarentaa coraa kassake pii.lentaa paapakammaani karonti.
Ans: Killing pigs, thieves who oppress farmers do evil deeds.
29. Men who do meritorious deeds and protect virtue hope to reach
heaven.
30. Having abandoned evil, men living and avoiding sin become good
men.
Translate into Paali:
1. Having picked fruits from the trees you send (them) to the market.
Ans: Rukkhehi phalaani ocinitvaa tva.m aapa.na.m pahi.naasi/pesesi.
2. Having heard the Buddha preach the doctrine I become glad.
Ans: Dhamma.m desenta.m Buddha.m sutvaa aha.m pasiidaami.
3. Thinking of collecting corn I go to the field with the farmer.
Ans: Dha~n~na.m sa.mharitu.m cintento aha.m kassakena saha khetta.m
gacchaami.