[ Abbreviations ]
nom. - nominative case
acc. - accusative case
ins. - instrumental case
abl. - ablative case
dat. - dative case
sing. - singular
plur. - plural
indec. - indeclinable
Exercise 5:
Translate into English:
1. Vaa.nijo rajakassa saa.taka.m dadaati.
vaa.nijo = merchant (nom.)
rajakassa = washerman (dat.)
saa.taka.m = garment (acc.)
dadaati = gives
Ans: The merchant gives the garment to the washerman.
2. Vejjo aacariyassa diipa.m aaharati.
vejjo = doctor (nom.)
aacariyassa = teacher (dat.)
diipa.m = lamp (acc.)
aaharati = brings
Ans: The doctor brings the lamp for/to the teacher.
3. Migaa paasaa.namhaa pabbata.m dhaavanti.
migaa = deer (nom. plur.)
paadaa.namhaa = rock (abl.)
pabbata.m = mountain (acc.)
dhaavanti = run
Ans: Deer run from the rock to the mountain.
4. Manussaa Buddhehi dhamma.m labhanti.
manussaa = men (nom.)
Buddhehi = Buddhas (abl.)
dhamma.m = doctrine (acc.)
labhanti = receive
Ans: Men receive the doctrine from Buddhas.
5. Puriso vejjaaya saka.ta.m aaka.d.dhati
puriso = man (nom.)
vejjaaya = doctor (dat.)
saka.ta.m = cart (acc.)
aaka.d.dhati = drags
Ans: The man drags/pulls the cart for the doctor.
6. Daarako hatthena yaacakassa bhatta.m aaharati.
daarako = child (nom.)
hatthena = hand (ins.)
yaacakassa = beggar (dat.)
bhatta.m = rice (acc.)
aaharati = brings
Ans: The child brings rice, in his hand, for the beggar.
7. Yaacako aacariyaaya aavaa.ta.m kha.nati.
yaacako = beggar (nom.)
aacariyaaya = teacher (dat.)
aavaa.ta.m = pit (acc.)
kha.nati = digs
The beggar digs the pit for the teacher.
8. Rajako amaccaana.m saa.take dadaati.
Ans: The washerman gives garments to ministers.
9. Braahma.no saavakaana.m ma~nce aaharati.
Ans: The brahmin brings beds for his disciples.
10. Vaanaro rukkhamhaa patati, kukkuro vaanara.m .dasati.
Ans: The monkey falls from the tree, the dog bites the monkey.
11. Dhiivaraa pi.takehi amaccaana.m macche aaharanti.
Ans: Fishermen bring fish in baskets for ministers.
12. Kassako vaa.nijaaya rukkha.m chindati.
Ans: The farmer cuts the tree for the merchant.
13. Coro kuddaalena aacariyaaya aavaa.ta.m kha.nati.
Ans: The thief digs the pit, with a hoe, for the teacher.
14. The doctor cooks rice for his sons.
15. The hermit speaks with the hunter.
16. The hunter gives the lamp to the hermit.
17. Lions kill deer.
18. The monkey climbs the tree with its son.
19. Monks receive rice from lay devotees.
20. Children cry, the boy laughs, the uncle hits the boy.
21. Monkeys descend from the mountain, (they) climb trees.
22. Thieves/robbers enter the chariot/vehicle, the minister abandons
the chariot/vehicle.
23. The teacher brings the parrot from the tree to the child.
24. The hunter drags/pulls a goat from the mountain.
25. The hermit sees a lion from the mountain.
26. Merchants get profit from farmers.
27. The hunter kills pigs for the merchants.
28. The hermit asks questions from the teacher.
28. (The hermit asks the teacher questions.)
29. The son falls from the bed.
30. Boys bathe with friends.