Ven Narada Thera - An Elementary Pali Course Lesson XV

Exercise 15-A: Translate into English.

1. Kim'ida.m?

what / this

What (is) this?


2. Kassa imaani?

whose / these

Whose (are) these?


3. Iminaa te ki.m payojana.m?

with this / to you / what / use

Of what use is this to you?


4. Ida.m mayha.m hotu.

this / mine / is!

May this be mine. (Imperative)


5. Ko naama aya.m puriso?

who / by name / this man

Who (is) this man?


6. Aya.m me maatulaanii hoti.

this / my / aunt / is

This is my aunt.


7. Ida.m mayaa kattabba.m.

this / by me / should be done

This should be done by me.


8. Sabba.m ida.m asukena kata.m.

all / this / by such and such / was done

All this was done by such and such.


9. Aya.m saamii ca.n.do na hoti.

this / husband / fierce / is not

This husband is not fierce.


10. Aya.m me antimaa jaati.

this / my / last / birth

This (is) my last birth.


11. Aya.m seto asso khippa.m na dhaavati.

this / white / horse / quickly / does not run

This white horse does not run quickly.


12. Gu.navantehi ime gilaanaa sa`nga.nhitabbaa.

by virtuous ones / these / sick people / should be treated

These sick people should be treated by the virtuous ones.


13. "Yathaa ida.m tathaa eta.m - yathaa eta.m tathaa ida.m."*

as / this / thus / that / as / that / thus / this

"As this is, so is that; as that is, so is this."

Alt: "Such as this is, so, too, is that; such as that is, so, too, is this."


14. "Ida.m vo ñaatina.m hotu - sukhitaa hontu ñaatayo!"

this / your / for relatives / is! - happy / are! / relatives

May this be for your relatives - may (your) relatives be happy.


15. "Tva.m etasmi.m pabbate vasa, aha.m imasmi.m pabbate vasissaami."

you / in that / in mountain / live! / I / in this / in mountain / will live

"You live in that mountain, I will live in this mountain."


16. "Namo tassa Bhagavato, arahato sammaa-sambuddhassa."

homage / to him / to the Blessed One / to the exalted / to the Fully Enlightened One

"Homage to Him, the Blessed One, the exalted and Fully Enlightened One."


17. Asmi.m loke ca paramhi ca gu.navantaa sukhena vasanti.

in this / in world / and / in the other / and / virtuous ones / happily / live

In this and the other world, virtuous people live happily.


18. Asukaaya naama visikhaaya asukasmi.m ghare aya.m taru.no vejjo vasati.

in such and such / by name / in street / in such and such / in house / this / young / doctor / lives

This young doctor lives in such and such a house in such and such a street.


19. Imehi pupphehi Buddha.m puujetha.

with these / with flowers / to Buddha / make an offering!

Make an offering to the Buddha with these flowers.


20. Maya.m imasmi.m aaraame mahantaani rukkhaani passaama.

we / in this / in park / big / trees / see

We see the big trees in this park.


21. Imassa gilaanassa u.nha.m udaka.m daatabba.m.

to this / to sick person / hot / water / must be given

Hot water must be given to this sick person.


22. Janako ucce aasane nisiidi, putto niice aasane nisiidi.

father / on high / on seat / sat / son / on low / on seat / sat

The father sat on the high seat, the son sat on the low seat.


23. Imesu pupphesu setaani ca rattaani ca piitaani ca pupphaani gahetvaa gacchaahi.

among these / among flowers / white and / red and / yellow and / flowers / having taken / go

Take the white, red and yellow flowers among these flowers, and go.


24. Imaani khuddakaani phalaani maya.m na ki.naama.

these / small / fruits / we / do not buy

We do not buy these small fruits.


25. Iminaa diighena maggena ete gamissanti.

by this / by long / by road / these / will go

These will go by this long road.


*This is the idappaccayataa formula.


Exercise 15-B: Translate into Pali.

1. Who is this boy?

ko / (naama) / aya.m / daarako

Ko naama aya.m daarako?

Alt: Ko eso daarako?


2. This is my book.

ida.m / hoti / me / potthaka.m

Ida.m me potthaka.m hoti.


3. Who are these men?

ke / (naama) / ime / naraa

Ke naama ime naraa?


4. He is living in this house.

so / vasati / imasmi.m / ghare

So imasmi.m ghare vasati.


5. This was done by me.

ida.m / kata.m / me

Ida.m me kata.m.*


6. There is such a young doctor in this street.

atthi** / asuko / taru.no / vejjo / asmi.m / visikhaaya.m

Atthi asuko taru.no vejjo asmi.m visikhaaya.m.


7. Cold water should not be drunk by the sick.

siita.m / udaka.m / na paatabba.m / gilaanehi

Siita.m udaka.m gilaanehi na paatabba.m.


8. He is the last boy in the school.

so / hoti / antimo / daarako / paa.thasalaaya.m

So paa.thasalaaya.m antimo daarako hoti.


9. Did you see him sitting on this high seat?

tva.m / passo/addasaa / ta.m / nisiidanta.m / imasmi.m / uccasmi.m / aasanasmi.m / (nanu)

Nanu (tva.m) imasmi.m uccasmi.m aasanasmi.m nisiidanta.m ta.m passo/addasaa?


10. Take these long sticks and throw into the fire.

gahetvaa / ime / diighe / da.n.de / khipaahi / aggimhi

Ime diighe da.n.de gahetvaa aggimhi khipaahi.


11. May all these beings be happy!

sabbaani / imaani / bhuutaani / hontu / sukhitaani

Sabbaani imaani bhuutaani sukhitaani hontu.


12. I'd like to mount this white horse.

aha.m / icchaami / aaruhitu.m / ida.m / seta.m / assa.m

Aha.m ida.m seta.m assa.m aaruhitu.m icchaami.


13. Bring those small books and give to these boys.

aaharitvaa / taani / khuddakaani / potthakaani / desi / tesaana.m / daarakaana.m

Taani khuddakaani potthakaani aaharitvaa tesaana.m daarakaana.m desi.


14. You should wash your face with this hot water.

tva.m / dhoveyyaasi / te / mukha.m / iminaa / u.nhena / udakena

(Tva.m) iminaa u.nhena udakena (te) mukha.m dhoveyyaasi.


15. These Exalted Ones understood the Middle Path of the Buddha.

ime / arahantaa / bujjhi.msu / majjhimaa / pa.tipadaa / Buddhassa

Ime arahantaa Buddhassa majjhimaa pa.tipadaa bujjhi.msu.


16. This Doctrine was preached by the Blessed One.

aya.m / Dhammo / desito / Bhagavataa

Aya.m Dhammo Bhagavataa desito.


17. We shall go by this long way.

maya.m / gamissaama / iminaa / diighena / maggena

Maya.m iminaa diighena maggena gamissaama.


18. There are tall, big trees in this forest.

atthi / uccaa / mahantaa / rukkhaa / imasmi.m / a.taviya.m

Atthi imasmi.m a.taviya.m uccaa mahantaa rukkhaa.


19. I shall take these white flowers; you may take those red flowers.

aha.m / ga.nhissaami / imaani / setaani / pupphaani / tva.m / ga.nhaahi / taani / rattaani / pupphaani

Aha.m imaani setaani pupphaani ga.nhissaami; tva.m taani rattaani pupphaani ga.nhaahi.


20. These are small ships.

imaani / honti / khuddakaayo / naavaayo

Imaani khuddakaayo naavaayo honti.


21. Young men and women should associate with the virtuous.

taru.nehi / narehi ca / (taru.niihi) / nariihi ca / bhajittabbaa / gu.navantaa

Taru.nehi narehi ca taru.niihi nariihi ca gu.navantaa bhajittabbaa.


22. This city is protected by a powerful king.

ida.m / nagara.m / rakkhita.m / balavantena / narapatinaa

Ida.m nagara.m balavantena narapatinaa rakkhita.m.


23. The courageous do not run away through fear.

dhitimantaa / na dhaavanti / bhayena

Dhitimantaa bhayena na dhaavanti.


24. Little children are playing with these dogs.

taru.naa / daarakaa / kii.lanti / imehi / sunakhehi

Taru.naa daarakaa imehi sunakhehi kii.lanti.


25. May the Blessed One preach the Doctrine to these monks and nuns!

Bhagavaa / desetu / Dhamma.m / amuusaana.m / bhikkhuuna.m ca / bhikkhuniina.m ca

Bhagavaa amuusaana.m bhikkhuuna.m ca bhikkhuniina.m ca Dhamma.m desetu.


* See also Ex.14B-1.


** 'atthi' is more for "existential" uses, i.e., something exists, as in the sentence above, whereas 'hoti' is "copulative", i.e. equating something with something else, e.g. taru.no vejjo braahma.no hoti - the young doctor is a Brahmin.