> Hugði eg að og í dag þá er fjaran var að hér gekk upp ós
> við nes þetta og féll þar óvandlega sjórinn út úr ósinum.

> I thought that also today when (it) was the ebb-tide that
> hither went up estuary by this headland and fell there
> carelessly the shore out from the estuaries.

> I thought also today when (it) was ebb tide that here
> (the) mouth went up along this headland and does not
> completely run out of the mouth out to the sea.

> I thought that also today when the-ebb-tide was that here
> a river-mouth went up by this ness and there the-sea did
> not-quite (see úvandliga, Z2) fall out (ie drain, empty)
> out-of the river-mouth.

It's stronger than 'I thought', closer to (Z5) <hyggja at
e-u> 'to attend to, mind, look at': 'I also saw/noticed
today when the tide was out that ...'.

> Þeir spyrja hverjir fyrir ráði skipi þessu.
> They ask who (plural) commanded this ship.
> They ask who is master of this ship (Z, ráda 16).
> They ask who commands (see ráða fyrir e-u, Z16) this ship.

As Rob says, they're asking who the masters are. It's
interesting that they seem to assume more than one.

> Ólafur kvað það lög vera ef engi væri túlkur með
> kaupmönnum "en eg kann yður það með sönnu að segja að
> þetta eru friðmenn en þó munum vér eigi upp gefast að
> óreyndu."

> Olaf stated that law was (valid) if (there) were no
> interpreter with the merchants "and I know you that in
> truth to say that these are freemen and still not give in
> to inexperienced (people like you)." (Z. sannr 1 - með
> sönnu, at sönnu, in truth, truly)

> Olaf said it to be law if none were a spokesman (or
> translator) with the merchants, "but I know to tell you it
> with truth that these are peaceful men but still we will
> not give up without a fight (untried - literally)."

> Ólafr declared that to be law (only) if no interpreter
> were with (the) merchants “but I am able in truth to say
> that to you (yður) that these are peaceful-men but,
> nevertheless, we will not give-up (surrender) in untested
> (circumstances (?)) (ie without a struggle).”

Grace has it: CV has <úreyndr> 'untried' (though 'untested'
would be a bit better here) and notes this instance of <at
óreyndu> without a separate gloss. It seems to be an
adverbial phrase like those in Zoëga s.v. <at>, A.IV.10.

> Írar æpa þá heróp og vaða út á sjóinn og ætla að leiða upp
> skipið undir þeim.

> (The) Irish then scream a war-cry and wade out to sea and
> intend to drag the ship ashore under them (i.e., under
> their control). (Z. leiða 1 - l. upp skip, to drag a ship
> ashore)

> (The) Irish shout a war cry then and wade out to the sea
> and intend to drag the ship ashore beneath them.

> (The) Irish shout then a war-cry and wade out to the-sea
> and intend to drag the ship ashore from-under them.

Not 'from under': that would be <undan>. I'm pretty sure
that <þeim> refers to the crew, not to the Irish: if it were
the Irish, I'd expect <sér>. I'll go with Grace's
interpretation: the Irish intend to drag the ship ashore
with the crew still on board.

> Var ekki djúpara en þeim tók undir hendur eða í bróklinda
> þeim er stærstir voru.

> The water, which was swelling, reached just to their
> armpits or at their waistbelts. (Z. hönd 2 - var eigi
> djúpara en þeim tók undir hendr, the water just reached to
> their armpits)

> (It) was not deeper than (it) came on them beneath their
> arms or to the waist belts of those where were tallest.

> (It, the water) was not deeper than (it) it took them (ie
> I´m guessing “reached”) under (their) arms or to (the)
> trouser-girdle for those were biggest (tallest).

'For those who were tallest'. (Just a typo, I expect.)

> Pollurinn var svo djúpur þar er skipið flaut að eigi
> kenndi niður.

> The pool was so deep there that she ship floated to not
> known down (no one knew how deep?).

> The pool was so deep there where the ship floated that
> none was able (to reach the) bottom.

> The pond was so deep there where the ship floated that
> (it) touched not the bottom (see kenna niðr, Z6).

Apparently this is 'pool' in the sense of a mostly enclosed
body of water, not something completely separated from the
sea.

> Ólafur bað þá brjóta upp vopn sín og fylkja á skipinu allt
> á millum stafna.

> Olaf asked then (to) get out their weapons and draw up (in
> a battle array) on the ship all between the stems.

> Olaf bade them break out their weapons and draw up in
> battle array with the prow in the middle of all ?

> Ólafr bade them to get out their weapons (see under brjóta
> upp, Z7) and to draw-up (in battle array) completely
> between (the) prows (I´m guessing ”from stem to stern”,
> see stafn, Z1).

That's my reading of it.

> Hann var gyrður sverði og voru gullrekin hjöltin.

> He was girded (with a) sword and were inlaid-with-gold
> the-knob-at-the-end-of-a-sword-hilt.

> He was girded with a sword and the hilt was inlaid with
> gold.

> He was girded with a sword and the guards (of the sword)
> were gold-inlaid

Since <voru>, <gullrekin>, and <hjöltin> are all plural,
it could well be both the guard and the pommel: <hjalt>,
despite being cognate with <hilt>, can refer to either.

> Hann hafði krókaspjót í hendi höggtekið og allgóð mál í.

> He had a barbed-spear in hand (höggtekið?) and very-good
> in measure.

> He had barbed spear in hand ??? and very well ???.

> He had a barbed-spear tempered (?) and very-good
> inlaid-ornaments in (it).

No one knows exactly what <höggtekit> meant: this is its
only occurrence anywhere. Literally it's something like
'blow-taken', and since it's neuter, it presumably modifies
<krókaspjót>. I suppose that it could mean something like
'well-tried, battle-tested'. One editor hesitantly suggests
'decorated with carved signs', but I don't find that at all
convincing.

> Rauðan skjöld hafði hann fyrir sér og var dregið á leó með
> gulli.

> He had a red shield in-front-of him and on (it) was drawn
> a lion with gold.

> He had before him a red shield and on (it) was drawn a
> lion (inlaid) with gold.

> He had a red shield before himself and Leo (the lion) was
> drawn on (it) with gold.

<Leó> is simply 'lion'; it's a borrowing from Latin.

Brian