> Hvarf ek frá hvítri
> hlaðs beðgunni
> á Agnafit
> útanverðri;
> saga mun sannask,
> sú er hon sagði mér,
> at aptr koma
> eigi mundak.

"I left the fair woman on the outer (i.e. seaward-facing) side of
Agnafit. The tale (i.e. prophesy) she told me will prove true,
[namely] that I wouldn't come back."

'hvarf ... frá', 1st person past singular of 'hverfa frá' "to leave".

'hvítr' "white", here poetically "fair".

'hvítri', feminine dative singular, agreeing with -gunni.

-fit "meadowland on the banks of a river or lake", fem.dat.sg.

'útanverðri', fem.dat.sg. of 'útanverðr', adj. "outward, the outer
part of".

'saga ... sú er' = 'sú saga ... er' "the tale/prophesy which". The
demonstrative pronoun is often used to support the relative 'er'.
Various word orders are possible, compare in the next strophe 'sá ...
tregi, er' "the grief that".

'sannask' "to be proved true, to be established to be true, to turn
out true", middle voice infinitive of 'sanna', transitive "to prove,
to establish the truth of; to assert, affirm".

'mundak' = 'munda' "would" + -k, suffixed form of the 1st person
singular pronoun 'ek' "I".

Meghan writes: "Ok, headdresses are usually women, and white is a
compliment, but did he just call his girlfriend a F#(%-helmet?"

Nearly, but not quite! 'hlaðs beðgunnr', literally "the bed-Gunnr of
the (embroidered) border". 'Gunnr' is the name of a valkyrie. Since
either 'Gunnr hlaðs' "valkyrie of the embroidered border" or
'beð-Gunnr' "bed-valkyrie"(!) would make a traditional type of kenning
for "woman", this might seem tautological. But probably it should be
understood as "Gunnr of the bed of the embroidered border" - the bed
being the place where the border rests, i.e. a woman's cloak (cf.
Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks, ed. G. Turville Petre, p. 74, note 9/10).
A lot of kennings for "man" and "woman" are formed like this with the
name of a god or goddess (or some other divine/mythological being)
modified by some accoutrement or clothing associated with one sex or
the other.

The swapping of modifiers like this ('hlaðs beðgunnr', for 'gunnr beðs
hlaðs') is not unusual. There're lots of examples in the more complex
skaldic style of poetry, e.g.

þrymsvellir sárjökuls geima

sárgeimi = "wound-ocean" (blood)
sárjökull geima = "icicle of blood" (sword)
þrymr sárjökuls geima = "noise of sword" (battle)
þrymsvellir sárjökuls geima = "sweller of battle" (warrior)

http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/kennings/4kennt.html

> Drag þú mér af hendi
> hring inn rauða,
> foerðu inni ungu
> Ingibjörgu;
> sá mun henni
> hugfastr tregi,
> er ek eigi kem
> til Uppsala.

"Pull the red (red-gold, i.e. pure gold not diluted with silver) ring
from my hand, take [it] to the young Ingibjorg. The grief that I
won't come to Uppsala (home of the Swedish kings, where she lives)
will be fixed in her heart (she won't forget)."

'mér af hendi' "from my hand". The dative case is often used for the
person affected by an action: 'laust í höfuð mér' "struck me in the
head", "struck my head"; 'hann lýsti horninu í höfuð honum' "he struck
him on the head with the horn", "he struck his head with the horn".
But sometimes, as here, where Old Norse has a dative of this sort, we
would have to use a possessive adjective in English. Compare st. 2,
'svart er mér fyr sjónum' "it's dark before my eyes". And in this
strophe, 'henni hugfastr' "stuck fast in her heart".

'foerðu' "bring" = 'foer' + suffixed 'þú'.

'inni' here is the feminine dative singular form of the free-standing
definite article: 'inni ungu Ingibjörgu'. That's why the weak form of
the adjective is used, 'ungu' rather than 'ungri'.

'mun' "will be", 3rd person sg. indicative of the auxiliary verb
'muna' "to be going to (be)".

'sá ... tregi, er' "the grief that". Compare 'saga ... sú er' "the
tale which".

'sá mun henni hugfastr tregi, er...', lit. "the grief (that I won't
come to Uppsala) will be mind-fixed/heart-fast/stuck-in-the-heart for
her".

'Uppsala', genitive plural. The nominative form of the name is
'Uppsalir', cf. 'salr' = "hall".

> Hvarf ek frá fögrum
> fljóða söngvi
> ótrauðr gamans
> austr við Sóta;
> för skundaðak
> ok fórk í lið
> hinzta sinni
> frá hollvinum.

"I left women's beautiful song, not reluctant for joy/pleasure (i.e. I
was eager for joy), [went] east with Sóti. I hastened my journey and
went from loyal friends into a warrior band for the final time."

'fögrum', masc.dat.sg. to agree with 'söngvi' "song" (nom. = söngr).

'fljóða', genitive pl. of 'fljóð', neuter, a poetic word for "woman,
lady".

'ótrauðr gamans', understatement: he wants to get married as soon as
can be, having got this unpleasant business of the duel out of the way...

'för' "journey", fem.dat.sg. (identical in form to the accusative, but
'skunda' "to hasten" takes dative.

'skundaðak' = 'skundaða' + -k, the suffixed version of the pronoun 'ek'.

'fórk' = 'fór' + -k "I went".

> Hrafn flýgr austan
> af hám meiði,
> flýgr honum eptir
> örn í sinni;
> þeim gef ek erni
> efstum bráðir,
> sá mun á blóði
> bergja mínu."

"Raven flies from the east, from [its perch in a] high tree. Eagle
flies along after him (i.e. in his company, accompanying him). I give
meat to that last eagle. He will dine on my blood."

'austan' "from the east"; 'austr' "east(wards)". The suffix -an
usually indicates "direction from", e.g. 'heðan' "hence, from here",
'heiman' "from home", 'ofan' "from above, down(wards)" -- except when
the adverb has 'fyrir' before it: 'fyrir austan' "to the east of",
'fyrir ofan' "above".

'sinni' "company", Zoega 'sinni' neuter (3); 'í sinni e-m' "in
someone's company".

'þeim ... erni' "that eagle", masc.dat.sg. 'örn' "eagle" is declined
like 'köttr' "cat", 'völlr' "field, plain", 'mögr' "son", etc.

'efstum' "last", masc.dat.sg. agreeing with 'erni'. The comparative
'efri' can mean either "higher" or "later", but the superlative
'efstr' is always "last", according to Lex. Poet. [
http://www.septentrionalia.org/lex/index2.php?book=d&page=-15&ext=html ].

'bráðir' "pieces of meat" (i.e. carrion), fem.acc.pl.

'blóði ... mínu' "my blood", neut.dat.sg., another example of that
typically poetic way of inserting a verb between a noun and the
possessive adjective.