Here's another one which has a more basic three-horn pattern, from
Snoldelev, Denmark.

http://home.no.net/ahrunes/de-rune-snoldelev.jpg

> I do not know what the Norse actually called

these symbols (the 3-triangle, the 3-horn, the swastika, sun-wheel,
etc.), only being aware of the name of Thor's hammer (miollnir <
*mellunijaz w/ Sievers, Go. *milluneis), but would be interested to
know if anyone has any references about this. I wonder, does any
Gmc. language preserve names for any of these symbols?

Do you think the mention in Skáldskaparmál of a 'ristubragð' "a sign
for cutting or carving" (Faulkes) could be revelant here? It's said
to be 'tindótt með þrim hornum' "spiky/pointy with three corners"
(presumably 'hornum' = "corners" here, if it's the stone heart of the
giant, although the same word also means "horn"). Is the term
'valknútr' a modern invention?

> hooked-o,

long hooked-o
hooked-e,
long hooked-e,
long ø
hooked ø (so-called ø2)

> Any idea about how to get these characters? Strange that they should

not be so easily available, as they are necessary in any academic
treatment of ON. I have done some research on Modern Icelandic
pronunciation and its relationship to the mainland, which I will
mention something about in a separate post.

Junicode [ http://junicode.sourceforge.net/ ] has hooked-o, hooked-e,
long ø, long æ (with accute accent, also with macron). I may have
overlooked them, but I can't find hooked ø and long hooked ø. I don't
know whether the more exotic of these would display at the Yahoo
Groups website though.

> I have done some research on Modern Icelandic

pronunciation and its relationship to the mainland, which I will
mention something about in a separate post.

I look forward to reading that! Something that's been puzzling me is
the question of what happened when inherited 'e' and hooked 'e' merged
in Icelandic. Is it possible to tell whether the initial result was
an open sound (a short 'æ'), or close (a short 'é')? Likewise with ø1
and ø2. Are there any clues as to when 'e' was lengthened in words
such as 'ek', 'heðan', herað, heðinn, etc., and were these actually
lenthenings of 'e', or later diphthongisations /E/ > /jE/? I wonder
if the First Grammarian's 'ver' (with hooked e) indicates that the
distinction between the two 'e's was lost first before 'r', with the
closer sound becoming open in this position. But then, when did
variants of the past of reduplicative verbs arise such as réri, beside
reri < røri?

Llama Nom