Brilliant - so much to refer to
Bless
Patricia
----- Original Message -----
From: llama_nom
Sent: Wednesday, August 17, 2005 9:39 PM
Subject: [norse_course] Re: Pronunciation help Norse "C"


--- In norse_course@yahoogroups.com, LM <lavrans@......> wrote:

> Wow!  THE Kiyo? With the incredible website?
>
> What a great resource!
>
> Thank you so much for your work!
>
> Larry Miller



Absolutely.  Just like to add my awe and thanks to Larry's.  In case
anyone hasn't come across "Kiyo's Norse Links" yet, I strongly
recommend you look at this:

http://home.ix.netcom.com/%7Ekyamazak/lk-norse.htm




> kiyo9tails wrote:
>
> > Wow, much thanks to Llama Nom for digging up so much information.
> > I will make the due corrections on my webpages.


That's alright.  Glad to be of use.


> > I was vaguely aware that "ce" in Old English was
pronounced "che" or
> > [tS-e] because I listened to a recording of the poem "Deor" in
which
> > there occurs the line "Eormanrices" = "Ermanaric's"; Ermanaric
being
> > of course Jörmunrekr of the Eddas and the Volsunga saga.


Okay, these are the rules for when <ce> = [tSe] in OE (not counting
the combination <sc>), according to Campbell's Old English Grammar. 
At least this is how I understand them...  They work most of the
time, but not always.  Some exceptions are due to analogy with parts
of the paradigm where different rules applied.  Another exception is
the middle consonant of  <cieken> "chicken", as indicated by the
spelling in the Mercian Rushworth Gospells, a unique scibal attempt
at distinguishing the front and back pronunciations of <c>.  This
can't be due to analogy with other parts of the paradigm, but might
be accounted for by dissimilation.  Anyway, here are the rules. 
(For <ce>, read <ce> or <cce>.)

1. <ce> = [ke] if the <e> is due to i-umlaut of a back vowel.
2. <ce> = [ke] within a word, if preceeded by a back vowel.
3. <ce> = [ke] if the <e> arose before a continuant that was
originally syllabic (e.g. æcer "acre" < Proto OE *ækr).

4. Otherwise <ce> did result in the affricate [tS].  Before a
stressed syllable this became <cie> in Early West Saxon.  In late WS
the same combination is often spelt <cy> (but also <ce>, <cie> and
<ci>).

Some OE textbooks print a dot above <c> in words like 'bæc'
and 'æcer'.  This indicates that they are thought to have been
palatal stops in early OE, something like [c], as in
Icelandic 'kenna'.  According to Campbell, in such positions, <c>
never evolved into [tS], but instead reverted to [k].  Regarding
Rule One, don't forget that /æ/ counts as a front vowel, so if <e>
is due to i-umlaut of /æ/, this would result in affrication.

I THINK that's more or less everything...

Llama Nom