Alfta,

The usage of the pp. is quite a complex subject, and I
don't trust myself to explain it fully here. However,
the declension by case is quite simple, and is very
much along the lines of adjectives. In fact, pp's are
used a lot like adjectives, and often behave exactly
like these.

Here is the basic declension of "fundinn" (found),
the pp. of "finna" (find).

fundinn (ma�r) fundin (kona) fundit (barn)
fundinn (mann) fundna (konu) fundit (barn)
fundnum (manni) fundinni (konu) fundnu (barni)
fundins (manns) fundinnar (konu) fundins (barns)

Ma�rinn er fundinn = the man is found

The neut. nom.-acc. is also called the "supine". It is
a special case - used undeclined with the auxillary
verbs to form "composite" tenses:

V�r h�fum fundit mann = we have found a a man
�� hefr fundit konu = you have found a woman
Ek hef fundit barn = I have found a child

Please be aware that I am rather over-simplifying
matters - because I'm sure that it is better for the
student not to be overwhelmed all at once.

I hope this has added something useful.

Regards
Pelle

>From: "Alfta" <alfta@...>
>Reply-To: norse_course@yahoogroups.com
>To: <norse_course@yahoogroups.com>
>Subject: RE: [norse_course] l�tit
>Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2003 15:05:43 -0500
>
>
>
>Try thinking of is like this:
>
>a� l�ta gera skip = to let (someone) make ships = to have ships made
>a� hafa l�ti� gera skip = to have let (someone) make ships = to have
>had ships made
>
>Don't hesitate to ask, if this is not sufficient information for you
>to understand the sentence.
>
>Regards
>Pelle
>
>
>
>Heill Pelle,
>
>You don't do so bad explaining things yourself. :) You have certainly
>made things a little clearer for me. The main source of my confusion is
>that I was not aware that the pp. had m., f., and n. forms. Now that I
>consider it a little more that seems like a natural thing. In the verb
>tense lists, it usually only has one form listed so I assumed that pp. had
>one form. So you have been very helpful.
>
>Another question stemming from that realization then. I know that it would
>probably not be possible to list all the endings used but are there endings
>for pp. in m., f., and n. that are more common or that are used more often
>than others? New Intro says that the participles are inflected as
>adjectives
>are, saying strong verbs take -in and weak verbs, -�, -d, -t. I notice that
>the strong n. acc. adjective inflexion is -t. If I am understanding
>correctly, these are modeled after the adjective inflexions and if so any
>particular tense of the adjective, perhaps acc.? I don't know if anyone
>else would find this discussion interesting but I certainly would be
>interested in seeing it discussed further.
>
>best regards,
>
>-Alfta
>

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