W dniu 2012-06-02 20:46, Richard Wordingham pisze:
> The IE words for the noun reconstructed as *h2arh3trom have been remade
> from the verb from time to time.
*h2árh3-tro- occurs in most of the Core IE (non-Anatolian and
non-Tocharian) branches, but not outside the crown clade. Toch.B a:re
'ard, plough' seems to reflect *h2arh3-o- (or an s-neuter stem
*h2arh3-os), and the Anatolian meaning of *h2arh3- and its derivatives
(*h2arh3-s-) is not even 'to plough', strictly speaking, but rather
'crush, till (soil)'. My impression is that the meaning 'plough'
developed in the Core+Tocharian group, and the nomen instrumenti in
*-tlo-, widespread as it is, is a common innovation of Core IE (lost in
Indo-Iranian together with many other agricultural terms).
Piotr