Re: Schöffe I

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "ufnkex" <spamstorage@...> wrote:

>
> >I was wondering, since apparently Cz. skopec is a
>
> It was this one that attracted my attention, and then I saw those
> other numerous words with close phonetics and meanings. This
> reminded me a slangy-dialectal word I heard in my childhood in my
> dialectal region: /shklopetz/, with the approx. sense
> "flibbertigibbet; churl, simpleton; dumb". I then had thought it
> must have been some play of the gab based on a regional and
> Hungarian word for "hat" (/klop/ & kalap). Now I realized that those
> kids must have picked up some loanword, and that one was perhaps on
> either Slovak or Czech loanword; either via Hungarian or from small
> Czech and Slovak diaspora communities in my region.




--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Torsten" <tgpedersen@...:

*xol-p, *kol-p "slave"

Vasmer
Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
has:

'xolóp, -а "servant, slave",
xolopáj "servant, servile person",
Ukrainan chołóp "serf, peasant",
Belorussian cholóp,
Old Russian cholopъ, n. pl. -i, g. pl. -ej
(Mosk. Urk. 16.-17. Jhdt., s. Sobolevskij Lekcii 198),
Russian - Church Slavonic chlapъ "servant, slave",
Old Bulgarian chlapъ δου~λος, ο`ικέτης (Supr.),
Bulgarian chlápe n., chlapák "boy",
Serbo-Croat hl`àp g. hl`àpa and hlâp,
Slovenian hlâp "boor",
Czech, Slovak chlap "fellow, farmer, man",
Polish. chłop,
Upper Sorbian khłop, khłopc "fellow, chap",
Lower Sorbian kłopc. ||

Proto-Slavic or ORussian *cholpъ was borrowed early in
Latvian kalps "farmhand, worker", s. M.-Endz. 2, 144.
Interpretations this far all uncertain: Comparisons were made with
Gothic halbs "half", originally
"unpaired, with no opposite" (Pedersen KZ. 38, 373ff.) or
"castrated servant" (OÅ¡tir Archiv 36, 444, Sobolovskij RFV. 71,444),
assuming it was related to *cholkъ and *cholstь (aginst it Endzelin
SIBEt. 124). Or else expressive reshaping was assumed and distant
relationship with
Lithuanian šel~pti, šelpiù "support, help", pašalpà "aid"
(Brückner KZ. 51, 235. Pogodin RFV. 32, 270ff., IFAnz. 5, 260)
or with
Gothic hilpan "help"
(Korsch Potanin-Festschr. 537, against it Endzelin c. 1. 42).
The comparison with
Sanskrit
jálpati "halbverständlich reden, murren",
jālmás "depraved person, rogue", also "mean" (Machek Slavia 16, 195)
should be rejected.
One also compares with
Lithuanian sìlpti, sìlpstu "become weak",
sil~pnas "weak, powerless"
(Matzenauer LF. 7, 220, against it Berneker EW. 1, 394), further
German Schalk (Brückner EW. 180) or
Greek σκόλοψ "pointed pole" (Loewenthal Archiv 37, 386).
Dubious is also the assumption of a loan from
Lower Rhine German dialect halfe "smallholder"
(J. Schmidt Vok. 2, 139ff.,
against it Berneker c. 1., Brückner KZ. 48, 194).
Uncertain is relatedness with páxolok and xólitь (s. d.),
cf. Sobolevskij c. l., Mladenov 669, Lehr-Spławiński JP. 24, 43.
See xlаp.'


...
Ernout-Meillet

ce:lō, -ās, -āuī, -ātum, -āre:
hide (aliquid aliquem).
Ancient, common.
Well represented in Romance; M.L.1800.
Ce:lāre alternates with a thematic form with ĕ, preserved in occulō,
-is, -luī, -cultum, -ere, from *ob-kelō, rare, but ancient and
classical, used esp. in the ppp. occultus, and which tends to be
replaced by anitérative-intensive form occultō, -ās (already in
Pl.), whence occultātiō,-tor. The root is *kel-; the written form
oquoltod - occultō of SC Ba. CIL I2, 581,15 is from an epoque where
they had the idea that to a con­temporary -cu- group corresponded an
older -quo-, and where they did the transformation mechanically,
even in those forms where there never was a labiovelare (cf. colō,
quolundam; quom (preposition) CIL I2 583,50), in order to give the
text an archaic appearance.
Ce:lō, -āre ist a durative present in -ā-
(cf. -ducō, -ās, and dūcō, -is);
on the length, cf. ue:nor, le:gō, etc.
Ce:lātor is only attested twice.,
once in Lucan, another in Cassiodorus;
ce:lātiō only once,
ce:lātūra only appears in the Salic Law.
Cicero and Caesar say occultātiō;
ce:lātim is found in Sisenna.
Compounds: con-, oc-, sub-, subterce:lō; ince:lātus;
M.L.4345 *incelāre.
Relatives:
cella, -ae f.: "ā ce:landō" Varr. L.L.5,162; small chamber (with a
connotation of hide-out); chapel (of a place of worship); storeroom,
cellar:
c. oleā­ria, uīnāria; cell, M.L.1802;
MHG këlle; Celtic: Irish cell, etc.;
cellula, cellāris, cellārius ,-a, -um and
cellārius m.: sommelier, treasurer;
cellārium: pantry, office, storeroom, M.L.1804,
passed to Germanic,
OHG kellari "Keller", and Finnish;
Icelandic celloir;
*cellāriārius M.L.1803.
Late compounds:
circumcelliō, -onis, name of a category of migrant and mendicant
monks "quī circum cellās ībant", cf.
circelliō s.u. circus;
excellō, -ās (Gloss.): be outside the cell;
clam: "secret, hidden [from]" adverb and preposition. Opposite of
palam. As preposition governs in the main accusative (as in ce:lāre
aliquem) then ablative, no doubt after cōram (also clam uobis,
Caes.B.C.2,32,8). From clam is derived:
clanculum (clancule:,-lō) arch.:
no doubt diminutive of familiarity formed like plūsculum.
From clanculum is secondarily derived an adj. clanculus (Gloss.).
Cf. also clanculārius (Martial);
clandestīnus: ancient adjective (Law of the XII tables.; Plautus,
etc.). Formed on the model of intestīnus, its semantic neighbour
(cf. Cic. Sull. 33, and ad Fam. 5,2,1), perhaps through an
intermediary clam-de, *clande, cf. quamde.
The theme of (oc-)culō is found corresponding exactly in Celtic:
Old Irish celim "I hide",
and in West Germanic:
OHG helan "hide", etc.,
but nowhere else. The formations ce:lō and clam have no
correspondents outside Latin.
Besides that, Germanic has a present in -ye-:
Gothic huljan "περι­καλύπτειν", etc.
The e: of Latin ce:lāre is also found in
OHG hāli "hidden",
ON háll "cunning".
Greek has an elarged form καλύπτω "I cover, I hide", cf. κέλυ~φος
"bark, peal", etc.; the form is reminiscent of κρύπrω (κρύφα)
bearing in mind OChSl kryti "hide".
Isolated with respect to its form, cella semantically is reminiscent
of
Irish cuile "cave",
OHG halla "hall",
Greek καλι:ά: "hut, nest".
One hesitates more in comparing it to
Sanskrit çá:lā "hut, residence"
which is isolated among the eastern languages; all the other
attestations of *kel- "hide" are from the west.
The facts do not permit us to decide whether it is appropriate to
add
Gothic us-hulon "λατομει~ν", hulundi "cavern",
and the various
Germanic words going back to the idea of digging.
See also cilium and color.

caelebs, -ibis c.:
celibate (said of people, animals, plants, and, in a transferred
sense, of objects).
Attested since Plautus; not opposed to uidua.
Derivations:
caelibāris (-bālis): -i hasta caput nubentis comebatur, P.F. 55,3;
caelibātus, -ūs m.: celibate; word of the imperial epoch, formed
after the verbal nouns in -ātus, and grouped with caelum in the late
epoch by folk etymology,
cf. Iul.Val.3,42,24; and Thes. Gloss., s.u.;
caelibātus, -a, -um (Gloss.).
It is tempting to connect it with Sanskrit kévalah. "particular to,
alone, whole" and with OChSl cěglŭ "alone". This doesn't explain the
word in all detail. Latvian kaîls "nude, weaponless", cited by
M.Endzelin, only has the root element in common with it; the sense
is distant. Latin caelebs does not have a very Indo-European
appearance; in any case, word of the popular type.
...


...

ple:bs, ple:ps (ple:bis), -bīs, and ple:be:s, -ei (-ī) f. (the word
vacillates betweeen 3rd and 5th declension; the forms of the second
type are the most ancient; nom. ple:be:s is found in Enn. Sc. 228,
Lucil. 200 CIL I2 583, 13 (123/2 BCE), 585,78 (111); pleps is
attested in the mss. of Cic., Pis.64, and confirmed by the metric in
Hor., Ep. I 1, 59; epigraphically: pléps, CIL XII 4333, 1,12 (11
BCE); gen. plebei and plebi in the same inscriptions of the
republi­can epoch CIL I2 582,7 and 15; and also plebe (with closed e)
585, 11 (et plebi 1, 6), cf. ple:bi-scītum and tribūnus ple:bī; abl.
ple:bĕ in Ov. and Juv. Pleps must have been reshaped on ple:bem
after the type urbs/urbem) plèbe, the collective of non-noble Roman
citizens. Plebes a populo eo differt quo species a genere; nam
appellatione populi uniuersi ciues significantur, connumeratis etiam
patriciis et sena­toribus; plebis autem appellatione sine patribus et
senatu ciues significantur, Just. Inst. 1,2,4; cf. the quote in
Titus Livius 2,56, modeled on the word populus. Subsequently
"multitude, populace". At first different from populus (which see),
lated confounded with it; but the exam­ples of ple:bs in the sense of
populus are very rares.
Ancien, common.
Has only survived in some Italian dialects, M.L. 6591.
Passed into Brittanic plwyf.
Derivations and compounds:
ple:bei(i)us, -a; ple:bitās (Cat., Cass. Hem., d'après cīuitās);
ple:be:cula (et tardif ple:bicula);
ple:bi(s)scītum: décret, décision de la plèbe (ancient juxtaposé
opposé à senātūs cōnsultum);
ple:bicola (Cic., formé d'après Publicola).
M.H.Pedersen, La 5e déclinaison lat., p. 62 ff. and 70 ff.,
indicates and seems to accept Brugmann's hypothesis according to
which Latin ple:b- would rest on ple:dhw- and should be connected
with Greek πληθύ:ς, an ingenious hypothesis, but in which one can
only see a possibility, the only admissible, it must be said, among
the proposed Indo-European etymologies. Couldn't the word be
borrowed? The type and form of ple:be:s is remiscent of pūbe:s.

populus, -Ä« m. (popol-, Lex Bant. CIL I2 582,14; poplo CIL I2 40
The corresponding adjective is pūblicus. Epigraphically we have
poplicod S. C. Bac, poplice Lex Bant., and the proper name
Poplilius, but the written form puplicis found in Lex Acilia
repetundarum hints that poplicus is an etymological written form in
stead of pūblicus; cf. also puplicum given by A in Plautus, Ru. 562.
The adjective serving populus has nothing to do with it
etymologically. The literary texts only know pūblicus (with ū, cf.
poublicom CIL I2 402).
Derivations and compounds:
populāris: of the people, popular; corresponds in particular, in the
political language, to Greek δημοτικός, δημαγωγός, as opposed to
optimāte:s = ο´ι `άpιστοι: populāre:s "les démocrates"; populāris a
pris vite la même nuance péjorative que populus, de même
populāriter. Populāris désigne also designates one who is of the
same people, of the same country (Pl., cf. Poe. 1039,1041) and as a
consequence, assumes a sense analogical to that of familiāris. From
that comes the use in the sense of "who is au courant with,
accomplice":
populares coniurationis Sall.;
populāritās;
populātim;
populātiō (late Latin, Sedulius; the classical language only knows
populātiō derived from populor);
populōsus, populōsitās (late);
popellus: common people;
Pop(u)lifugia, -ōrum.
See also populō.
Umbrian has puplum, poplom, "populum". The word is not found
elsewhere. It is a reduplicated form (cf. titulus, tutulus); the
single form perhaps appears in the compounds mani-pulus (which see).
There is nothing which permits us to decide what might be the root,
that of pellō, that of pleō or some other one, nor there is a
connection with the root of ple:bs. A loan is not improbable, just
as for ple:bs (cf. Etruscan pupluna, and the city name Populōnia).
Populus ist the term Titus Livius uses in several places to refer to
the twelve confederated cities of Etruria, cf. IV 23,5, and IX
37,12.
- On a possible connection betwen Etruscan fufluns/pupluna and
populus, s. Devoto, St.Etruschi 6,243 ff.

pūblicus, -a, -um (poublicom, CIL I2 402): which concerns the people
or state, public (opposed to prīuātus as δημόσιος is opposed to
`ίδιος); cf. re:s pūblica "the business of the State".
Nouns.
pūblicus, m. "servant of the State" (= ´ο δημόσιος);
pūblicum n. "public domain";
in pūblicō "in public".
Adv. pūblice:. -
Ancient, common, classical. The Romance forms are learned, M.L.6805;
likewise,
Irish puplach, puplican.
Derivations:
pūblicō, -ās: make public, place at the disposal of the public;
whence "confiscate" (cf. δημοσιεύω,-σιόω). The sense of "publish"
does not seem to be attested before the imperial epoch,
M.L.6804 (learned forms).
Thence:
pūblicātiō "confiscation" (Cic);
pūblicitus "in the name of the people or of the State";
pūblicānus, -a, -um, above all as noun:
pūblicānus, -ī m. "who strengthens the revenues of the State; tax
farmer, publican".
S. pūbe:s and populus.

cleps: fur CGL V 349,51. Only preserved in this text; was eliminated
by fūr, loanword: clepta in Plautus, Tru. 102, is a loan from Greek
κλεπτης. The verb clepō, -is, -psī, -ptum is glossed as fūrārī, Non.
20,7: steal; Cic. opposes it to rapiō, Leg. 2,22 sacrum ... qui
clepsit rapsitue.
Rare and archaic: was replaced by the deno­minative fūrārī, and in
the popular language, by inuolāre, *uolāre.
Frequentative: cleptō,-ās (St Cypr. ).
Cf.
Gothic hlifan "steal (by deception)"
and, with another formation,
Greek κλέπτω "I steal".
The agent noun cleps has correspondents in
Greek κλώψ
and, with extension -t- followed by arrangement, in
Greek κλέπτης and
Gothic hliftus "thief".
Irish has cluain "deception" which might rest on klop-ni-.
Term of western Indo-European only. -
Theft by deception is expressed by the idea of "hide" in
Irish tāid "thief",
Greek τητάω "I steal",
OChSl tatÄ­ "thief",
hitt. tāy- "steval",
along with
Sanskrit tāyúh. "thief", and
Slavic tajiti "hide",
Doric τα:ύσιος,
Homeric τηύσιος "deceptive, vain".
This permits us to connect
OChSl za-klepe "κατέκλεισε",
Old Prussian au-klipts "hidden";
but the connection has little significance.


Prellwitz
Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Sprache

κλέπτω "steal, do stealthily" (Homer),
κλώψ, κλοπεύς, κλέπ­της "thief",
κλοπή "theft";
cf.
Latin clepo "steal" =
Gothic hlifa id., hliftus "thief",
Old Prussian au-klipts "hidden",
OChSl po-klopÅ­ "cover".
√klepo "cover up, steal".
Are
Latvian slepét "hide, cover up"
Lithuanian slė~pti "hide"
also somehow related?

κλείς, Doric κλαϊ´ς, acc. κλει~ν (*κλα~Fιν), κλειδός
"key" =
Latin clāvis id., with Doric κλάιξ id.
cf. OChSl ključi "key", ključiti "close together";
cf. Latin clāvus nail, clavicula "vine tendril",
Old Irish clúi "nails";
κληίζω, κλείω close, Latin clau-do id.;
κλει~-στρον "lock", Latin claustrum; cf.
Lithuanian kliūrù, kliú:ti "latch on to, hang on to, join",
√klāv : klū "close, fixate".

κλοιός (Xen.), Attic κλω,ος (Ar.) "dog collar, neck iron" :
*κλωFιός in ablaut relation to klāv (s. κλείς) "close"?

Let's assume we have here originally a verbal form with the suffix
*-aN-. ie.
*kWaN-l-aN- -*kWl-aN-


Since Pompo is the Sabine version of the Latin name Quintus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompilia_(gens)#Origin_of_the_gens
the Sabine language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabines#Language
must have been p-Italic, and since the Roman ple:bs might have been
Sabine in origin, we might reconstruct
*kWl-ekW-s -plep-s "person of the swamp"
Similarly, we might reconstruct *kWokl-okWs (se Vennemann's Κύκλωψ
"son of the Mountain" above) -*popol-op-s -populus "person of
the heights".
Or perhaps κύκλος and *kWekWl- itself is not originally "wheel" but
"neck ring"?


*kWaŋ-l-ekW-s -*kWl-ekW-s -clep-s "unworthy person"

*kWaŋ-l-ekW-s -caelebs

(and *man-ekW-l- -manipulus, maniculus)


Much easier:

PPIE *-ú:- -PIE *-Wó-
*kú:lp-o- -*kWólp-o-
*kulp-ík-o-

=

Metathesis
*kWólp-o-
*kulp-ík-o -*kupl-ík-o-

=>

Sabine(?) *kW- -*p-
*kWólp-o- -*polp-o-
*kulp-ík-o

=>

Regularisation
*polp-o-
*kupl-ík-o- -*publ-ík-o-

=>

Regularisation
*pólp-o- -*pópl-o- 'populus'
*publ-ík-ó 'publicus'

cf.
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/populor
1. I lay waste, ravage or devastate
2. I plunder or pillage
3. I destroy or ruin

ie. the populus was originally the result of pillage, they were slaves, hence the conection with *xolp- "slave" etc.

cf.
Titus Livius
Ab Urbe Condita
I, 8
http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/10828/pg10828.html
'In the meantime, the city was enlarged by taking in various plots of ground for the erection of buildings, while they built rather in the hope of an increased population in the future, than in view of the actual number of the inhabitants of the city at that time. Next, that the size of the city might not be without efficiency, in order to increase the population, following the ancient policy of founders of cities, who, by bringing together to their side a mean and ignoble multitude, were in the habit of falsely asserting that an offspring was born to them from the earth, he opened as a sanctuary the place which, now inclosed, is known as the "two groves," and which people come upon when descending from the Capitol. Thither, a crowd of all classes from the neighbouring peoples, without distinction, whether freemen or slaves, eager for change, flocked for refuge, and therein lay the foundation of the city's strength, corresponding to the commencement of its enlargement. Having now no reason to be dissatisfied with his strength, he next instituted a standing council to direct that strength. He created one hundred senators, either because that number was sufficient, or because there were only one hundred who could be so elected. Anyhow they were called fathers, by way of respect, and their descendants patricians.'

In other words, the Roman populus were to a large extent ex-slaves, calling themselves by the Sabine(?) word for slaves, (from *k(W)opul- "bound")



Torsten