Re: Stacking up on standard works

No one wants to bite?

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Torsten" <tgpedersen@...> wrote:


Anybody want to test their method?

Are these words (for "opening in the head, mouth of river") related?

If yes, is their origin

1) IE
2) Afro-Asiatic
3) Some third, unknown language

?

(I know what I think: *aN-)



Möller
Vergleichendes indogermanisches-semitisches Wörterbuch

*okW-, o-grade,
besides
ók^- (< *Y.ek-, e-grade, ..., < PPIE Y.-ģ- or with spirant Y.-3´-),
the latter in
Sanskr. ákši Avest. aši (< PIE ók^si) "eye";
the former in
Gr. fut. `όψομαι "videbo", perf. redupl. `όπωπα "vidi",
Lith. akìs
OBulg. oko
Lat. oculus "eye",
Dual OBulg. očī
Gr. `όσσε;
reduced in inlaut -Y.kW- in
Sanskr. ánīka-m "front side", prátīka-m "face";
+ n-, this latter

= semit. Y.àyn-, see okWn-.


okWn- "eye"
(< PPIE Y.-ģ- or Y.-3´- with suffixal n-, see okW-),
armen. akn "eye",
OBulg. okno "fenestra",
PGerm. awg-n-,
nom. Gothic augō
ON auga AS e:age OS ōga OHG ouga "eye"
(< PPGerm. *owk-n- with w-infix (cf. note 1 to 6p-l-),
or < PIE okW-n- ?),

= PSemit. Y.àyn-
(< PPSemit. *Y.-ģ- or *Y.-3´- with originally suffixal n-),
Arab. Y.aynuN
Ethiop. 3ayn
Assyrian e:nu, Ä«nu
Phenician 3-n (= Y.e:n)
Hebrew 3àyın
Syrian 3aynå: "eye".


5 *aw- "mouth"
(< Proto-IE-Semitic A.-p-),
+ s-Suffix
PIE aws-,
Vedic ó:št.ha- (sth < s + PIE t) m. "lip", dual "lips"
OSl. ūstā (Plur. n.) "lips, mouth",
Avestan aoštra- "lip" Dual "bouth lips",
Latin ausculum > ōsculum, austium > ōstium;
ō-grade PIE ōws- > ōs,
Latin ōs
Sanskr. á:s "mouth",
ON ōss "estuary"
[originally the same word is PIE ōws-, aus- "(orifice, >) ear"];

= Semit. A-p-,
Ethiop. `af "os, ostium",
Tigre: `af "mouth";
Semit. p-, nom. assyr. pū arab. fū "mouth";
+ y
Hebr. pæ:, stat. constr. pī;
+ m-
Sem. p-m- (< *A-p-m-)
and single redupl. p-m-m-,
Arab.famuN, fammuN, fumuN,
Old Aram. pm
Bibl. Aram. pummā
Jewish Aram. pumā "mouth, estuary, orifice";
+ n-
Hebrew li-φene: "before the face of (c. gen.), facing, before",
Assyrin lengthened grade (*A-pān- >) pānu,
stat. constr. pān "countenance, face", la-pān "facing".



Pokorny

okW- "see";
okW-, okWi-, okW(e)n- (this stem in the casus obliqui),
okW(e)s-, okW-þ- "eye"; besides ok-, which see.

Aryan outside the composita only forms of the stem *okWþ-
(on which the i- and n- stems are partially formed):

Old Indian ákşi n. "eye"
(this i- stem Vedic only nom. acc. sg. and in compositis,
akşi-pát "a little",
post-Vedic also in the bh- cases and in loc. pl.),
gen. sg. akş-ņ-áh. etc.,
nom. du. akņí: = Avestan aši"both eyes"
(cf. *okWī id. in Lith. akì, OBg. oči
and as foundation of
Arm. ač.-k and Gr. `όσσε),
formation from cons. stem *akş-;
this stem akş- also in
Vedic an-ák "blind";
Avestan aši for *axšī after uši "ears",
cf.
Avestan aiwy-āxšayeinti "they oversee", aiwyāxštar- "overseer";
redupl. Old Indian í:kşatĕ "sees" (PIE *īkW- from *i-okW-);
akşá- m. "dice", ie. "having eyes";
kşaņa- m. n. "moment" [cf German 'Augenblick']
(seems grown from a locative *[a]kşán);
not overgrown is the þ- stem in the opaque composita
Old Indian prátīka- "facing", n. "countenance" (: πρόσ-ωπον),
ánīka- n. "what opposes, the front side",
Avestan ainīka- m. "countenance"
(*proti, *eni + okW-; cf. Slav. nicь under *ni- "down"),
ghŗtá:c.ī f. "fatty (looking); sacrificial spoon",
śvitīcí: f. "gleaming";
Armenian (with expressive geminata)
akn, gen. akan "eye, orifice, hole" (n- stem), nom. pl. ač.-k pluralised from the nom. du. *okWī;

Gr. `όσσε nom. du. "eyes" (*okWye for *okWī),
Attic *`όττε,
from which
τριοττίς "neck ornament with three glass eyes";
`όσσομαι "see (spiritually), sense",
Attic `οττεύομαι "sense, fear";
`όψομαι "I shal see",
`όπωπa "I have seen";
`οπι:πεύω "I gawk at",
παρθενοπί:πης "girl-gawker" with reduplicated root `οπ (ι + οπ > ιπ-);
`όμμα "eye" (*`οπ-μη),
`οφθ-αλ-μός "eye" (*okWþh- with expressive aspirata?);
without aspirata
Boeotian `όκταλλος;
with (after `οπός etc) analogical π:
Lac. `οπτίλος,
Epidaur. `οπτίλλος;
`όκκον• `οφθαλμόν is in a similar relationship to
Lesb. `όππατα ,`όμματα' (prob. with expressive geminata);
`οπή "lacuna, opning"
(`ενόπαι f. pl. "earrings" etc,
πολυ­ωπός "net with many openings");
lengthened grade `ώψ "face";
πρόσωπον "countenance",
μέτωπον "forehead",
Kύκλ-ωψ, βο-ω~πις et sim.;
μύ-ωψ "short-sighted";
further α`ι~θ-οψ et sim. with short vowel
(comparable Latin atr-ōx, fer-ōx);
perhaps
Gr. `όπις "awe; punishment, retaliation", lit. "animad­versio"?;
`ίψαο "thou hast reproached, punished",
`εν-ιπή "reproaching speech",
`εν-ί:σσω (renewed `ενί:ττω),
aor. `ηνί:īπαπον and `ενένι:πον "reproach, criticize, challenge, correct physically"
(PIE *īkW- from redupl. *i-okW, cf. Old Indian í:kşate);

Alb. sü "eye" (: Lith. akìs);

Lat. oculus "eye" (ōkWelo-s);
atr-ōx "horrible" (to āter, above p. 69),
fer-ōx "wild" (to Lat. ferus, above p. 493), etc
(: gr. μύ-ωψ "short-sighted", etc);

OIr. enech, mcymr. enep "face, countenance",
MBret. enep id. and prep. "against", and
Welsh wyneb "countenance",
OCymr. let-einepp "half side" are opaque;

in Germanic we find besides the stem
*a3w- (*όkW-, OHG ac-siuni f. "species", auc-siuno "evidenter") :
*awi- (*okWí-) in
OHG awi-zoraht "apparently",
AS e:awis (*e:aw-wis) "apparent",
e:awan "show, make appear",
OFries. awia, auwia id. (*awjan),
MHG z-ounen, MDutch t-ōnen "show" (with shortened prefix);
further Germanic *aun- (*okW-én-);
by exchange and influence from *ausō "ear" appeared a stem
*au3an-:
Crimean Gothic pl. oeghene (oe = ö),
then Gothic augō, OIcel. auga, OHG ouga, AS e:age n. "eye";
stem *augja- in
Gothic and-augi n. "countenancev",
AS and-e:ages,
OMG and-ouge "facing",
OIcel. -eygr,
OHG -ougi,
AS -e:aged "-eyed";

Lith. akìs "eye", akì (= OBg. oči) "the two eyes",
Latv. acs "eye",
OPr. ackis nom. pl. "eyes",
OBg. oko (Russ. όko), gen. očese, du. oči "eye";
Lith akýlas "attentive",
Polish obaczyć (lengthened grade) "see, notice, spot",
from which with mis-identification of suffix (ob : o):
baczyć "notice, watch, sense, see";
from the n-stem
Serb.-ChSl. okno "window";
cf. Engl. (OIcel. loanword) wind-ow id., lit. "wind-eye";

Probably related are
Lith ãkas "hole in ice",
Latv aka "dug well",
Russian river name Oká (differntly above p. 23),
Lith. eketė~ (aketė~, akytė) "hole cut in ice for scooping water",
Latv. akate "water-filled bog-hole":
"water-eye",
cf. 'Meeraugen' used of the lakes of the Tatra mountains;

Toch. A ak, du. ašäm., B ek, du. eśane n. "eye";
A ak-mal "face" ("eye + nose");


1. ous- : əus- "mouth, estuary, edge";
əus-tā "lip",
əus-tiyom "estuary".

To PIE *ōus go back:

Old Indian á:-h. n. "mouth"
(cf. ās-án- id., āsyám n. "mouth, orifice"),
Avestan āh-, åŋhan- id.;
Latin ōs, ōris "mouth countenance, edge, (river) bank";
but MIr. ā gen. sg. "mouth" from *ōsos;
further ā- derivation:
Vedic āsayá: "from mouth to mouth" (instr.);
Latin ōra "edge, seam, border, particl. sea coast",
further
cōram adv. (and prep.) "facing, in the presence of, before",
imitating palam, clam from *co-ōro- "present before";
aureae (ōreae) "(horse) bit",
whence
aurīga (ōrīga) "chariot driver" (-igā from agō);
ōsculum "kiss" is diminutive of ōs;

OICel. ōss m. "estuary" (PGerm. *ōsaz),
whence
AS ōr n., ōra m. "ecge, beginning";
from AS ōr is borrowed
MIr. or "ora, margo, linea",
OWelsh ōr id..

Weak grade PIE *əus- appears in :
Alb. anë "side, seam, (river) bank, edge" (*ausnā);
possible also
Hitt. aiš, gen. iššaš n. "mouth" (*ayes, *aisos)?
se Pedersen Hitt. 47 f.

t- derivations are
Old Indian ό:şţha- m. n. "lip",
Avestan aošta-, aoštra- id. (*əus-),
Latin ōstium "entance, estuary" (= Slav. *ustьje);
OChSl. usta pl. "mouth";
Slav. *ustъje n. "estuary" should be reconstructed from
Bulg. ústije,
Russ. ústьje usw.;
cf. OChSl. ustъna, Slov. ûstna "lip";
OChSl. ustiti (naustitϊ) "move, drive, persuade";
probably
OChSl. uzda etc "rein";
Latv. ap-aûši (*-austy-) "halter";
OPr. austo "moth" (nom. plur. ?; acc. sg. āustin),
Lith. áuščioti "blabber, mumble",
Latv. au~šât "blabber";
ablauted
Lith. uostà f., úostas m. "estuary, coastal lake",
Latv. uosts m., uõsta f. "harboir".



2. ōus- : əus- : us- "ear",
extended with -i (əusi-s), -es (əusos- n.) and -en.

Avestan uši nom. du. "both ears, mind",
instr. du. uši-bya,
Modern Persian hoš (Iran. *auš-) "ear";

Armenian unkn "ear" (*us-on-ko-m);
the kn afer akn "eye";

Gr. Dor. `ω~ς (*ōus) "ear";
ōu also in ωFατα "ears" Alcm.,
`αμφ-ω~ες Theocr. "with two handles",
Dor. `εξ-ωβάδια "earrings",
´υπερ-ώιη "palate",
Attic λαγ-ώς, Homer λαγ-ωός n. "hare" (*sləg-ōusos) "with limp ears"; əus- in
Gr. Lac. α`υ~ς "ear", pl. `άανθα (*αυσ-ανθα) Alcm.,
Tarent. `α:τα (*αυσατα);
Ionian παρ-ήϊον,
Attic παρ-εία, Lesb. παρ-αύα "temple (head)" (: OIr. arae);
Gr. ous- (mixture of the nominative ōus- wit əus-) in
Attic ο`υ~ς (*ο`υ~σος) "ear",
Homer gen. ο`ύατoς (*ουσņτος), `ωκίδες "earrings"
Hes. (*ous-ņ-ko);
on `ακούω see above p. 18, 587;

Alb. vesh m. "ear" (*ōus-, ōs-);

Latin auris f. "ear" (*ausi-s); aus-cultō "listen" see above p. 552;

OIr. āu, ō n. "ear" (*əusos-);
OIr. arae m. "temple" (*par-ausyos), plur. in the toponym Arai;
Gallic toponym Arausiō "Orange" ...;
Su-ausiā f. "with beautiful ears";

Gothic ausō n. "ear" (PGerm. *ausan-);
with Verner-alternation (*auzan-):
OIcel. eyra,
AS eare,
OFris. are,
OS OHG ōra n. "ear";
whence OHG ōri, MHG Oere "(needle) eye";

Lith. ausìs f. (earlier also m.), gen. pl. ausų~, (conson. stem),
Latv. àuss f.;
OPr. acc. pl. āusins "the ears",
further
ausins voc. m.;
OChSl. ucho, gen. ušese (s- stem).


Orël-Stol'bova
Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary

46 *`ap- "mouth"
Sem *`anp- "nose":
Hebrew `āp, Aramaic (Syr) `a(n)pā, Arabic `anf-.
Consonantal assimilation in Hbr. Secondary assimilation and
change of meaning on the Semitic level.
Bed yaaf "mouth".
Prothetic y-. Cf. HS *`ap-/*wap- "yawn, open mouth"?

Agaw *`aff- "mouth": Bil `äb, Kwr af.
Bil -b is believed to reflect an unvoiced geminate. SA *`af- "mouth": Saho qf, Afar of.

Lowland East Cushitic *`af- "mouth":
Somali af, Or af-an, Rnd af, Arb oho, Gel aqf, Kns afa.

Highland East Cushitic *`af- "mouth":
Sid afo, Dar afa`o, Had afo`o, Ala afo, Bmb afay, Kmb afo. Dhl afo "mouth".

Omotic *`af-/*`af- "mouth":
Dime `appo, Gil afa, Ari aaffa, Ban aapo, Hmr a(a)fo.
Rift *`af- "mouth":
Irq afa, Alg aafa, Bur aafa, Asa `qf-ok, Kwz `afu-ko.

Related to *`ap-/*wap- "yawn, open mouth".

47 *`ap-/*wap- "yawn, open mouth"
Eg wp, wpy "open (mouth)".
West Chadic *`ap- "throw into the mouth" 1 "yawn" 2:
Hausa afa 1, Sura ap 2, Ang ep 2.
Note a consonantal alternation in the anlaut. If the present stem is not related to the HS word for"mouth", it may be com­pared with
Highland East Cushitic *`af-/*`if- "spread (in the sun)":
Bmb af-, Kmb if-is-.



I'll throw in an extra one

Grimm: Wörterbuch
http://woerterbuchnetz.de/cgi-bin/WBNetz/wbgui_py?sigle=DWB&mode=Vernetzung&lemid=GM08113
German Mund "mouth"

my interpretation
*aN-und- -> *am-und- -> *mund

in which -und is the suffix *also* appearing in the present participle.

According to Grimm
'goth. munþs; altnord. munnr und mûðr, schwed. mun, dän. mund; ags. alts. altfries. mûð, mûth, engl. mouth, niederd. mund, niederl. mond; ahd. mund, mhd. munt; wie maul (sp. 1782 ff.) über alle germanischen dialekte verbreitet, aber von dunkeln bezügen zu urverwandten sprachen; unmöglich ist es nicht, dasz beide worte éiner gemeinsamen wurzel entstammen, von der mau-l, alt mû-l eine iterativbildung, mu-nd aber eine participiale ableitung ist,... '
"Gothic munþs; ON munnr and mûðr, Swedish mun, Danish mund, AS OS OFris. mûð, mûth, Enlish mouth, Low German mund, Netherlandic mond, OHG mund, MHG munt; like maul
http://dictionary.reverso.net/german-english/maul
distributed over all Germanic dialects, but in opaque relationship to related languages; it is not impossible that both words stem from óne common root, of which mau-l, earlier mû-l is an iterative formation, but mu-nd a participial derivation,..."


Except that I don't think *aN- "estuary, bodily orifice" was a verb.

Anybody?


Torsten