--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, Piotr Gasiorowski <gpiotr@...> wrote:
>
> W dniu 2012-02-08 19:19, stlatos pisze:
>
> > Gmc.
> > *xaizda- = hair
> > vs.
> > *xaizda- = flax fiber / etc.
> >
> > Exactly the same meaning range, but *kays- differs from *kas- in having
> > an entire phoneme added WITHIN the word, not just a possible k vs kY
> > (considering all the apparently irregular changes among them in families
> > that differentiate them).
>
> Except that the Gmc. word is actually *xazDa-/*xezDa(n)- in both
> meanings (ON haddr 'long hair', OE pl. heordan 'hards of flax', etc.).
> Cf. *xe:ra- 'hair', which in my opinion reflects *kes-ró-:
>
> http://hdl.handle.net/10593/1990
According to Buck (OUG sec. 118), the change *sr > *fr (whence Latin fr-, -br- as in <fri:gus>, <fu:nebris>, etc.) "belongs doubtless to the Italic period". This makes it difficult to derive Lat. <vernus> from a protoform *wesri-no-. One would expect *wesrino- > Proto-Italic *wefrino- > Proto-Latin *webrino- > *webr.no- > *weberno- > Lat. *vebernus.
I propose instead that Proto-Italic, like Proto-Slavic, had *wesni-no- 'springy' formed as a deadverbial adjective from the inherited loc. sg. *wesni 'in spring'. Although not technically part of the 'spring' paradigm, this adjective was close enough to it that any levelling of the paradigm would spread to the adjective as a sort of morphological coattail effect. Thus I would expand Table (1) to incorporate the adjective, which requires one additional stage:
PIE *wesni-no'-
Stage I *weznino-
Stage II *we:nino-
Stage III *we:rino-
Stage IV *we:rno-
Latin <vernus>
Going from Stage III to IV involves the regular reduction of pre-coronal *-ri- to */r/, whose post-consonantal allophone was secondary syllabic [r.] (Latin -er-). Here we see the post-vocalic allophone, ordinary [r].
Going from Stage IV to attested Latin involves Osthoff's shortening (-V:RC- > -VRC-) which, as we know, occurred independently in Greek and Latin.
Lat. <itinera:rius> 'pertaining to a journey' shows a similar coattail effect. At some prehistoric stage, the oblique cases of <iter> inserted *-r.- or *-er- from the nom./acc. sg. The adjective, closely associated with the oblique stem (like *wesni-no- with *wesni) acquired the same additional syllable.
DGK