Re: Afro-Asiatic substrate (re "folk" "polk" "pulkas")

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, Piotr Gasiorowski <gpiotr@...> wrote:

>
> On 2009-07-31 00:17, Anatoly Guzaev wrote:
>
> > You are right about Vasmer:
> > Proto-Slav. *svętъ related to Lith. šveñtas 'holy' etc.
> > In most of the Slavic languages the vowel /e/ is not nasalized,
> > although there are Slavic dialects where, even in these days, the
> > both words (holy, world/light) are pronounced with a strong
> > nasalization; cf. Cz. svatý 'holy' but světec 'saint';
> > svatojánek, světluška 'glowworm, lightning bug'; you see here
> > that svat- and svet- have interchangeable/ ///meanings - 'holy'
> > and 'shiny, glowing'.
>
> Modern Czech does not preserve nasal vowels. Polish does, and it
> has <s'wie,ty> 'holy' (with nasal /eN/) but <s'wiat> 'world' and
> <s'wiatl/o> 'light' (no nasal vowel in any variety of Polish). I
> know of _no_ Slavic language in which 'world/light' has "a strong
> nasalisation". Czech has a consistent distinction between e^ < *e^
> and a < *eN. The word <svatojanek> refers to St. John (glowworms
> appear about that time of the year), not to light.

Da. 'sankthansorm'


Believe it or not, Pokorny joins the two roots:

Pokorny

'2. k^eu- ,leuchten, hell'; k^ou-no-s ,glänzend'.
Av. savahi:- ,Name des im Osten gelegenen Erdteils'
(eig. Nom. Du. von *savah- ,Morgen, Osten'),
mit schwundst. Wurzelsilbe
ai. s´vah. Adv. ,cras';
r-St. av.
su:r&m ,früh morgens' (them. Akk. eines kons. St.),
a-su:iri ,im Morgendunkel' (su:irya-), Akk. su:iri:m ,Frühstück';
vielleicht arm.
s^ukh ,Glanz, Pracht, Ruhm'
(als *k^wo:-ko-; davon s^kheł ,glanzvoll usw.'),
s^ol ,Strahl, Lichtstrahl' (als *k^wo-lo-),
ns^oyl ,Licht, Glanz, Gefunkel' (*ni-k^wolyo),
wahrscheinlich s^and, s^anť ,Funke, Blitz, glühendes Eisen'
(k^wn.ti-; wohl von einem Partiz.-St. k^w-ent- : kw-n.t- ausgegangen).

no-St. :
ai. s´όn.a- ,rot, hochrot' (n. für n),
gall. COVNOS (Münze),
air. *cuan-dae, mir. cuanna, cymr. cun ,lieblich' (...);
russ. sunica, sunika, skr. sunica ,Himbeere';
russ. kuná ,Marder' usw.,
lit. kiáune., lett. caûna, caûne, apr. caune ds.
könnte ein entsprechendes Farbadj. von einer Wurzelf, mit Velar zugrunde liegen;
über lit. s^vìnas ,Blei', das Persson Beitr. 745 zw. als
k^u&no- anreiht, s. Boisacq s. v. kúanos.

Wurzelerweiterungen:

k^eu-bh-:
ai. s´úmbhati ,leuchtet',
s´ó:bhate: ,ist stattlich, nimmt sich schön aus',
s´o:bhaná- ,schön, glänzend',
s´ubha- ,hübsch, angenehm, erfreulich',
s´ubhrá- ,schön, glänzend, hellfarbig' =
arm. surb ,rein, heilig', srbem ,reinige, heilige'.

k^eu-dh- :
ai. s´úndhati, reinigt',
s´udhyate: ,wird rein',
s´uddhá- ,rein',
Kaus. s´undhayati ,reinigt'
(av. sudu- ,Reinigung des Getreides? Getreidemühle?' s. Bartholomae Wb. 1583).

k^eu-k- s. unter bes. Schlagwort;

k^w-en- ,feiern, heiligen'? s. unter bes. Schlagwort;

k^w-eid-, k^w-eit- s. unter bes. Schlagwort.

...


3. k^uei-, erweitert kuei-d-, kuei-s-, kuei-t-
,leuchten; hell, weiß';
wohl Erweiterung von k^eu-, S. 594 f.
a. k^uei-d-:
ai. s´vindate: ,glänzt' (Dhātup.), Perf. s´is´vinde:;
gr. Bergname Píndos ,der Weiße', PN Píndaros (?);
got. hveits, aisl. hvítr,
ags. afries. asächs. wit, ahd. (h)wiz ,weiß',
schwundstufig nld. ndd. witt, afries. hwit ds.;
o-stufig got. hveiteis, aisl. hweiti n., ags. hwæ:te, afries. asächs. hwe:ti, ahd. weizzi, nhd. ,Weizen';
ablautend mengl. white, schwed. dial. hvite, westfäl. wi&t ,Weizen'.
b. kuei-s- lit. s^viesà f. ,Licht', s^vaisà f. ,Lichtschein'.
c. kuei-t- (k^wei-to-, k^wei-tio-, k^wi-t(&)no-, k^wi-t(&)ro- ,hell, weiß'):
ai. s´ve:tá- ,weiß' (f. s´ve:ni: bei Vopadeva) =
av. spae:ta- ds. (= abg. sve^tU ,Licht');
ai. s´ve:tya- ,weiß, licht', fern, -ā (= abg. sve^s^ta ,Licht'),
ai. s´ve:tate: ,ist weiß', s´vítna-, s´vitnyá-, s´vitrá- (= lit. svitràs ,Glaspapier') ,weiß',
apers. spiþra-dáτηs, npers. sipihr ,Himmel'; Kompositionsform ar. s´viti- in
ai. s´vity-añc ,glänzend', av. spiti-doiþra- ,helläugig';
unsicher gr. τíτanos f., m. ,Kalk, Gips, Kreide' (*k^wit-&no-s),
kíττanos ds., dissimil. aus *k^wit-w-&no-s ON Tiτánη, äol. lakon. Pitánη; Bergname Tíτaros;
lit. s^viec^iù, s^vie~sti ,leuchten':
s^veic^iù, s^vei~sti ,reinigen',
s^vitù, s^vite.´ti ,immerzu glänzen, flimmern',
s^vintù, s^vìti ,hell werden',
Kaus. s^vaitau~, s^vaitýti ,hell machen';
s^vìtras m. ,Glaspapier',
s^vytrúoti ,flimmern';
aksl. svItitU se,, svIte^ti se, ,leuchten' und
slav. *svIno, (aus *s^vitno: neben lit. s^vintù) in
russ.-ksl. svInuti; Kaus. aksl. sve^titi ,jemandem leuchten';
slav. s^vaita- m. ,Licht' in
aksl. s^ve^tU ,Licht, Welt'; dazu
slav. *s^vaitja in
aksl. s^ve^s^ta ,Licht, Kerze';
daneben mit westidg. k-:
lett. kvitu, kvitêt ,flimmern, glänzen',
Kaus. kvitinât; slav. *kvIto,, *kvisti ,blühen' in
aksl. pro-cvIto,, -cvisti ,erblühen, blühen',
ac^ech. ktvu, kvísti;
ablaut. aksl. cve^tU,
c^ech. kve^t usw. ,Blüte';
daneben slav. *kvIte^ti in
russ.-ksl. cvIte^ti ,blühen' und
skr. càutjeti ,blühen' (= lett. kvitêt).


k^wen ,feiern; heilig(en)'; k^wen-to- ,heilig'.
Av. sp&nta- ,heilig'
(= lit. s^veñtas, aksl. sve,tU ,heilig'),
Komp. Superl. av. span-yah, sp&:nis^ta- ,heiliger, heiligst',
es-St. av. spa(:)nah- n. ,Heiligkeit';
wahrscheinlich
got. hunsl n. ,Opfer', ags. hu:sl n. ,Sakrament' (k^un-s-lo-);
lit. s^veñtas ,heilig', apr. swenta- in ON,
aksl. sve,tU, russ. svjatόj ds.;
ferner zu lett. svinêt ,feiern, heiligen'.'

So why not look around the horizon to see whether the word(s) with all the suspicious extensions is/are really IE:

Gamkrelidze & Nikolayev
A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary

*qHwo:3^Ā corn, wheat:
Tsez. *qec^V;
Darg. *q:Iwac^:;
W.-Cauc. *k:wac^:& ( - -c:-).
| Tsez. *qec^V corn, grain:
Tsez. qic^i;
Gin. qic^i;
Khvarsh. qec^ (Radzhibov);
Inkh. qec^e.
PTsKh *qec^e.

| Darg. *q:Iwac^: bread:
Chir. q:Iuc^:.

| W.-Cauc. *k:wac^:& ( ~ -c:-) wheat:
Ad. kwac&; Kab. gwa3.
PAK *k:wac:&´.
An obvious loan from WC is Svan. k.wecen 'wheat'.

Not quite clear is velar *k:w in PWC (although there are several
cases of such a correspondence; perhaps the explanation lies in the
special development of the initial cluster); otherwise
correspondences are regular, and the reconstruction seems reliable.
A variant of the same root is, perhaps, reflected in Cham. Roc: 'rye'
(presupposing PA *Rwic^:V); reflexes of both consonants are, however,
irregular, and we should perhaps think of it as an old loanword (from
some related language). The Cham. (*Tind.-Cham.) form was, in its
turn, borrowed in Inkh. Ruc^ 'rye'.'


Cf. since it's Caucasian (perhaps, in the interest of general world peace I should invent another word)
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/57638
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/64094



Torsten