Re: g^H: an older suffix in PIE adjectives?

--- In cybalist@... s.com, Rick McCallister <gabaroo6958@ ...> wrote:
> Ray:
> Can you elaborate re: the areal relatioship?

Sure. I'm taking the following from Bomhard's summary of Colarusso's
arguments for a genetic relationship( hopefully the formatting comes
out okay).

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Northwest Caucasian
1. Athematic *-Ø Athematic stems

2. Thematic *-e/o- Thematic stems

3. Adjectives in *-(e)w- Predicative and adverbial *-u, *-(&#601;)w

4. Adjectives in *-yo- Adjectives in *-&#285;a-

5. Abstract adjectives in *-iyo- Adjectives in *-ya-

6. Opposition with other Enclitic copula *-g¨a- `and'
stems: *-yo-

7. Used in oblique cases: *-en- Oblique case, genitive formant *-n-
or *-m-

8. Secondary NPs: *-no- Derivational suffix *-n&#601;-

9. Participle endings *-eno-, "Pro-tense" *-&#601;n- (replaces tense in
*-ono- concatenated or subordinated
["dependent" ] forms)

10. Old kinship suffix *-(t)er- Participle *X-tº-&#601;r

11. Heteroclitic *-r-/*-n- *-(&#601;)r in absolutive, *-&#601;m- or *-&#601;n-
in oblique cases

12. Comparative *-yes-/*-yos- , Comparative *-y-&#263;º,
superlative *-is-t(h)o- superlative *-y-&#263;º-( d&#601;)da

13. Agents in *-ter-, *-tel- Instrumental (Abaza) -la-

14. Instrumentals in *-tro-, Instrumental *-la- (same as no. 13)
*-tlo-, *-dhro-, *-dhlo-

15. Nominal action suffix *-men- Old affix *-ma

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Northwest Caucasian
Participles, abstracts, etc.

1. Active participle *-ent-, Old participle endings: Abaza -n;
*-ont-, *-‚t- Ubykh -n&#601;, -na, plus (Circassian)
durative -tº-

2. Perfect active participle Aspect suffix *-w(a)- *-we/ot-
*-we/os-,

3. Feminines and abstracts in *-xa `woman'
*-&#257;, *-y-&#257; (< *-eA, *-y-eA)

4. Collectives in *-y&#257; Collective *-&#285;a

Case forms

5. Accusative *-m/*-n Oblique: Circassian -m, Ubykh -n

6. Genitive/ablative *-(e/o)s Old genitive *-š

7. Genitive (thematic) *-o-s(y)o *-š-y-a > *-š¨ oblique of pronouns
in West Circassian

8. Ablative (thematic) *-&#333; Ubykh -x¨a, Abkhaz-Abaza -x¨a
`place'

9. Dative *-ey- Directive-dative *-y(-a)

10. Locative *-i Old Bžedux dative of pronouns -y

11. Instrumental *-&#275;, *-&#333; *-&#601;-a > *-&#601;&#601; , *-a-a > *-&#257;, with *-a
the same as in the thematic ablative

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Northwest Caucasian
1. Anaphora: *so-, *to- *&#347;a `what', *tº&#601; `where'
2. Deixis: *-w- > Sanskrit asau *w&#601;- `that (near hearer)'
3. Relative: *yo- Abkhaz-Abaza y- relative initial
verbal index

4. Nominative first person *m- `that near me'
personal pronoun *eg&#333;,
oblique *-(e)m

5. Second person personal *w- (< *tºw-) (f.) `you'
pronoun *tu

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Northwest Caucasian
1. *per˜- `before' (< `front') *pºa-r-(a-y-) `front-along-
(dat.-dir.-) '

2. *en- `in' (< `interior, Abaza -n- in n-c'a-ra
inside') `in-place-inf. '= `to
place inside'

3. *et- `without, outside' Abaza -t- `from inside out; from
(< `exterior, outside') below upwards' (cf. t-ga-ra
`out-drag-inf. ' = `to
drag something out')


4. Final *s Old oblique in *-š

5. *r `and' *-ra `and'

6. *ge `because; terminus' Dative-instrumental *-y-k'

There's actually a little bit more than this, but I think this gives
the flavor. I'd also add on that the NWC languages tend to have very
small vowel systems (2 phonemic vowels) just like PIE. Lacking in the
discussion was lexical borrowings.

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