From: Rick McCallister
Message: 54161
Date: 2008-02-26
> --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "tgpedersen"=== message truncated ===
> <tgpedersen@...> wrote:
> >
> > --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, Rick McCallister
> <gabaroo6958@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Wow, Uralic loans into Indo-Iranian. I bet the
> OIT
> > > meshuga-wallas are dancing in the streets
> >
> > You liked that, huh? And I didn't even say that.
> But Burrows did in
> > 'The Sanskrit Language', p. 22-24 (the fun part
> comes last):
> >
> > "
> > §5. Indo-Iranian and Finno-ugrian
> > During the same period there is conclusive
> evidence of contact between
> > Indo-Iranian and Finno-ugrian, a neighbouring
> family of
> > non-Indo-European languages. This latter family
> consists of three
> > European languages which have attained the status
> of literary
> > languages, Finnish, Esthonian and Hungarian, and a
> number of now minor
> > languages which are spoken by a small number:
> Lapp. Mordwin, C^eremis,
> > Zyryan, Votyak, Vogul, Ostyak. Of these Vogul and
> Ostyak are now found
> > to the East of the Urals, but are considered to
> have moved there from
> > the West. These two, with Hungarian form the
> Ugrian sub-group, and are
> > distinguished from the rest by certain common
> features. The Hungarians
> > moved from the region of the Volga to the
> territory they now occupy in
> > the ninth century. In Siberia there are several
> Samoyede languages
> > which as a group are related to Finno-Ugrian. The
> two families are
> > classed together as the Uralian languages.
> > Even before the Indo-Iranian period there is
> evidence of contact
> > between Indo-European and Finno-ugrian. Certain
> remarkable
> > coincidences (e.g. Lat. sal 'salt', Finn. suola;
> Skt. mádhu 'honey',
> > Gk. méthu : Finn. mete-; Skt. na:man-, Gk. ónoma
> 'name' : Finn. nime-,
> > Goth, wato: ' water', etc. : Fi. vete-) have long
> since attracted
> > attention, but there is lack of agreement as to
> how exactly they are
> > to be interpreted. One theory is that the two
> families are ultimately
> > related, but the available evidence is not
> sufficient to establish
> > this with any certainty. On the whole it seems
> more probable that the
> > coincidences, insofar as they are not due to
> chance, are the result of
> > mutual contact and influence in the early
> prehistoric period. 1)
> > Evidence is both more abundant and easier to
> interpret when it comes
> > to early Indo-Iranian contacts with Finno-ugrian.
> Here it is possible
> > to point out a considerable number of words in
> Finno-ugrian which can
> > be shown to have been borrowed from Indo-Iranian
> at this stage. The
> > most important of the Finno-ugrian words which
> have been ascribed to
> > Indo-Iranian are as follows :
> >
> > (1) Finn. sata '100', Lapp. cuotte, Mordv. s´ado,
> C^er. üðö, Zyry.
> > s´o, Voty. s´u, Vog. sa:t, a:t, Osty. sòt, sàt,
> Hung. száz
> > :
> > Skt. s´atám, Av. sat&m.
> >
> > (2) Mordv. azoro, azor 'lord', Voty. uzïr, Zyry.
> ozïr 'rich'; Vog.
> > o:ter, å:ter 'hero'
> > :
> > Skt. ásura, 'lord', Av. ahura- 'id'.
> >
> > (3) Finn. vasara 'hammer', Lapp. væc^er, Mordv.
> viz´ir, uz´er
> > :
> > Skt. vájra- 'Indra's weapon', Av. vazra- 'club,
> mace'.
> >
> > (4) Finn. porsas, Zyry. pora´, porys´, Voty.
> pars´, paris´ 'pig'
> > was ascribed to an Aryan *pars´a-( Lat. porcus)
> and this is now
> > attested by Khotanese pa:'sa-.
> >
> > (5) Finn. oras '(castrated) boar', Mordv. ure:s´
> 'id'
> > :
> > Skt. vara:há-, Av. vara:za- ' boar'.
> >
> > (6) Finn. utar, Mordv. odar, C^er. vodar 'udder'
> > :
> > Skt. ú:dhar 'id';
> >
> > (7) Finn. ora, Mordv. uro, Hung. ár 'awl'
> > :
> > Skt. á:ra: 'id' (= OHG a:la, etc.);
> >
> > (8) Hung. ostor 'whip', Vog. oster, C^er. wotyr
> > :
> > Skt. ás.t.ra, Av. atra: 'whip' (*aj- ' to drive
> ') ;
> >
> > (9) Hung. arany 'gold', Vog. suren´, saren´,
> Mordv. sirn´e, Zyry.
> > Voty. zarn´i
> > :
> > Skt. híran.ya-, Av. zaranya-;
> >
> > (10) Finn. arvo 'value, price', Hung. ár, etc.
> > :
> > Skt. arghá-, Osset. arG 'id' (Lith. algà, etc.) ;
> >
> > (11) Finn. sisar 'sister', Mordv. sazor, C^er.
> uar
> > :
> > Skt. svásar-, Av. xyan,har-;
> >
> > (12) Hung. sör 'beer', Voty. sur, Vog. sor, Osty.
> sar
> > :
> > Skt. súra: 'strong drink', Av. hura: ;
> >
> > (13) Finn. sarvi 'horn', Mordv. s´uro, C^er. ur,
> Lapp c^oarvve, Hung.
> > szarv
> > :
> > Av. sru:-, srva: 'horn' ( = Gk. kéras, etc.);
> >
> > (14) Vog. uorp, o:rp 'elk'
> > :
> > Skt. s´arabhá- 'a kind of deer' (from the root of
> the last);
> >
> > (15) Mordv. sed' 'bridge'
> > :
> > Skt. sétu-, Av. has:tu-;
> >
> > (16) Mordv. v&rgas 'wolf', Zyry. vörkas´
> > :
> > Skt. vr.´ka-, Av. v&hrka-;
> >
> > (17) Zyry. Voty. turïn 'grass'
> > :
> > Skt. tr.´n.a-;
> >
> > (18) Zyry. vörk 'kidney'
> > :
> > Skt. vr.kká-, Av. v&r&ðka- 'id';
> >
> > (19) Vog. tas 'stranger'
> > :
> > Skt. da:sá- 'non-Aryan, slave';
> >
> > (20) Hung. vászon 'linen'
> > :
> > Skt. vásana- 'garment, cloth'.
> >
> > (21) Fi. mehiläinen 'bee', Mordv. mek, C^er.
> mük, Zyry. Voty. mu,
> > Hung. méh
> > :
> > Skt. máks.-, máks.a:, máks.ika: 'bee, fly', Av.
> maxui: 'fly';
> >
> > (22) Fi. siika-nen 'beard of grain, etc.', Mordv.
> s´uva, C^er. s´u,
> > Zyry. s´u
> > :
> > Skt. s´u:ka- 'id';
> >
> > (23) Mordv. s´a:va, s´eja 'goat'
> > :
> > Skt. chá:ga-.
> >
> > The detailed problems raised by these and other
> comparisons are not
> > without complications, but certain general
> conclusions emerge clearly.
> > Most important of all is the fact that, taking the
> words as a whole,
> > the primitive forms which have to be assumed after
> a comparison of the
>