From: Rick McCallister
Message: 53988
Date: 2008-02-22
> --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, Rick McCallister=== message truncated ===
> <gabaroo6958@...> wrote:
> >
> > Wow, Uralic loans into Indo-Iranian. I bet the OIT
> > meshuga-wallas are dancing in the streets
>
> You liked that, huh? And I didn't even say that. But
> Burrows did in
> 'The Sanskrit Language', p. 22-24 (the fun part
> comes last):
>
> "
> §5. Indo-Iranian and Finno-ugrian
> During the same period there is conclusive evidence
> of contact between
> Indo-Iranian and Finno-ugrian, a neighbouring family
> of
> non-Indo-European languages. This latter family
> consists of three
> European languages which have attained the status of
> literary
> languages, Finnish, Esthonian and Hungarian, and a
> number of now minor
> languages which are spoken by a small number: Lapp.
> Mordwin, C^eremis,
> Zyryan, Votyak, Vogul, Ostyak. Of these Vogul and
> Ostyak are now found
> to the East of the Urals, but are considered to have
> moved there from
> the West. These two, with Hungarian form the Ugrian
> sub-group, and are
> distinguished from the rest by certain common
> features. The Hungarians
> moved from the region of the Volga to the territory
> they now occupy in
> the ninth century. In Siberia there are several
> Samoyede languages
> which as a group are related to Finno-Ugrian. The
> two families are
> classed together as the Uralian languages.
> Even before the Indo-Iranian period there is
> evidence of contact
> between Indo-European and Finno-ugrian. Certain
> remarkable
> coincidences (e.g. Lat. sal 'salt', Finn. suola;
> Skt. mádhu 'honey',
> Gk. méthu : Finn. mete-; Skt. na:man-, Gk. ónoma
> 'name' : Finn. nime-,
> Goth, wato: ' water', etc. : Fi. vete-) have long
> since attracted
> attention, but there is lack of agreement as to how
> exactly they are
> to be interpreted. One theory is that the two
> families are ultimately
> related, but the available evidence is not
> sufficient to establish
> this with any certainty. On the whole it seems more
> probable that the
> coincidences, insofar as they are not due to chance,
> are the result of
> mutual contact and influence in the early
> prehistoric period. 1)
> Evidence is both more abundant and easier to
> interpret when it comes
> to early Indo-Iranian contacts with Finno-ugrian.
> Here it is possible
> to point out a considerable number of words in
> Finno-ugrian which can
> be shown to have been borrowed from Indo-Iranian at
> this stage. The
> most important of the Finno-ugrian words which have
> been ascribed to
> Indo-Iranian are as follows :
>
> (1) Finn. sata '100', Lapp. cuotte, Mordv. s´ado,
> C^er. üðö, Zyry.
> s´o, Voty. s´u, Vog. sa:t, a:t, Osty. sòt, sàt,
> Hung. száz
> :
> Skt. s´atám, Av. sat&m.
>
> (2) Mordv. azoro, azor 'lord', Voty. uzïr, Zyry.
> ozïr 'rich'; Vog.
> o:ter, å:ter 'hero'
> :
> Skt. ásura, 'lord', Av. ahura- 'id'.
>
> (3) Finn. vasara 'hammer', Lapp. væc^er, Mordv.
> viz´ir, uz´er
> :
> Skt. vájra- 'Indra's weapon', Av. vazra- 'club,
> mace'.
>
> (4) Finn. porsas, Zyry. pora´, porys´, Voty. pars´,
> paris´ 'pig'
> was ascribed to an Aryan *pars´a-( Lat. porcus) and
> this is now
> attested by Khotanese pa:'sa-.
>
> (5) Finn. oras '(castrated) boar', Mordv. ure:s´
> 'id'
> :
> Skt. vara:há-, Av. vara:za- ' boar'.
>
> (6) Finn. utar, Mordv. odar, C^er. vodar 'udder'
> :
> Skt. ú:dhar 'id';
>
> (7) Finn. ora, Mordv. uro, Hung. ár 'awl'
> :
> Skt. á:ra: 'id' (= OHG a:la, etc.);
>
> (8) Hung. ostor 'whip', Vog. oster, C^er. wotyr
> :
> Skt. ás.t.ra, Av. atra: 'whip' (*aj- ' to drive ')
> ;
>
> (9) Hung. arany 'gold', Vog. suren´, saren´, Mordv.
> sirn´e, Zyry.
> Voty. zarn´i
> :
> Skt. híran.ya-, Av. zaranya-;
>
> (10) Finn. arvo 'value, price', Hung. ár, etc.
> :
> Skt. arghá-, Osset. arG 'id' (Lith. algà, etc.) ;
>
> (11) Finn. sisar 'sister', Mordv. sazor, C^er. uar
>
> :
> Skt. svásar-, Av. xyan,har-;
>
> (12) Hung. sör 'beer', Voty. sur, Vog. sor, Osty.
> sar
> :
> Skt. súra: 'strong drink', Av. hura: ;
>
> (13) Finn. sarvi 'horn', Mordv. s´uro, C^er. ur,
> Lapp c^oarvve, Hung.
> szarv
> :
> Av. sru:-, srva: 'horn' ( = Gk. kéras, etc.);
>
> (14) Vog. uorp, o:rp 'elk'
> :
> Skt. s´arabhá- 'a kind of deer' (from the root of
> the last);
>
> (15) Mordv. sed' 'bridge'
> :
> Skt. sétu-, Av. has:tu-;
>
> (16) Mordv. v&rgas 'wolf', Zyry. vörkas´
> :
> Skt. vr.´ka-, Av. v&hrka-;
>
> (17) Zyry. Voty. turïn 'grass'
> :
> Skt. tr.´n.a-;
>
> (18) Zyry. vörk 'kidney'
> :
> Skt. vr.kká-, Av. v&r&ðka- 'id';
>
> (19) Vog. tas 'stranger'
> :
> Skt. da:sá- 'non-Aryan, slave';
>
> (20) Hung. vászon 'linen'
> :
> Skt. vásana- 'garment, cloth'.
>
> (21) Fi. mehiläinen 'bee', Mordv. mek, C^er. mük,
> Zyry. Voty. mu,
> Hung. méh
> :
> Skt. máks.-, máks.a:, máks.ika: 'bee, fly', Av.
> maxui: 'fly';
>
> (22) Fi. siika-nen 'beard of grain, etc.', Mordv.
> s´uva, C^er. s´u,
> Zyry. s´u
> :
> Skt. s´u:ka- 'id';
>
> (23) Mordv. s´a:va, s´eja 'goat'
> :
> Skt. chá:ga-.
>
> The detailed problems raised by these and other
> comparisons are not
> without complications, but certain general
> conclusions emerge clearly.
> Most important of all is the fact that, taking the
> words as a whole,
> the primitive forms which have to be assumed after a
> comparison of the
> Finno-ugrian forms, are identical with those which
> have been
> reconstructed for primitive Indo-Iranian, and are
> free of any of the
>