--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "fournet.arnaud" <fournet.arnaud@...>
wrote:
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Richard Wordingham
> To: cybalist@yahoogroups.com
> Sent: Sunday, January 20, 2008 1:16 AM
> Subject: [Courrier indésirable] [tied] Re: PIE-Arabic
Correspondences (was Brugmann's Law)
>
>
> --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Patrick Ryan" <proto-language@>
> wrote:
>
>
> Except that Semitic did form triliterals from biliterals by inserting
> a weak consonant as the second consonant - s-w-q even looks rather
> appropriate. We do have a minor voicing problem, though. A biliteral
> sq should correspond to *seg, *seg^ or *segW.
>
> ============
>
> What about :
>
> PIE sekw = Arabic sâq "follow in a row"
Demolished by Patrick.
> PIE ghwen = Arabic qana? "kill violently"
Try PIE *gHWen = Proto-Semitic *gny 'harm, injure', as in Arabic
_jana:_ 'commit a crime, harm, inflict', Mod. Hebrew _ginna:_ 'to
censure', Syriac _ganni:_ 'to blame, to reproach', Akkadian _genu:_
'to butt, to gore', = Egyptian _gns_ 'violence, injustice', =
Gedeo/Hadiyya/Sadamo gan- 'to hit'. I think Semitic *gnb 'to steal'
belongs here - compare the Turkic senses of the allegedly cognate Old
Turkic _qun_ 'to rob, to attack'.
Arabic _qana'a_ seems to have the primary meaning 'be intensely red'.
In Hebrew _qn?_ means 'jealous, zealous', and is used for _qanna'i:_
'zealot'.
> PIE gwel = Arabic aqlawla "to fly in the air"
Formally OK, though the semantics ('throw' = 'fly'?) feel stretched.
I will now give some examples taken from Bomhard's work. The Arabic
words given are not isolated within Afroasiatic. Bomhard gives the
following examples of PIE *gHW corresponding to Arabic /q/ and assumed
to be reflexes of Nostratic *kW' (spellings normalised):
PIE *gWah2dH 'submerge, press in' = Arabic _qah.ama_ 'drag in, cram
in', _qah.a.t.a_ 'beat violently', _qah.afa_ 'beat on head', _qah.aza_
'cudgel'.
PIE *gWer 'heavy' = Arabic _waqara_ 'to load, to burden'
With dissimilatory 'deglottalisation', to meet a root constraint, we
get PIE *kW instead:
PIE *kWed 'to smoke, to fume' (Satem only, so Pokorny *ked) = Arabic
_miqt.ar_ 'censer', _qut.(u)r_ 'agalloch, aloeswood'. (The earlier
attested Semitic languages show the 'smoke, incense' meaning much more
clearly, e.g. Hebreq _qi:t.o:r_ 'smoke')
PIE *kWed 'to sharpen, to bore' = Arabic _qat.a`a_, _qat.ama_,
_qat.ala_ 'to cut off'.
The other main correspondence is PIE *g = Arabic /q/ (reflexes of
Nostratic *k'), e.g.
PIE *g^en 'to bear' = Arabic _qana:_ 'get, acquire, create'
PIE *ger 'to call out' = Arabic _qara'a_ 'recite, read'
PIE *ger 'to gather' = Arabic _qarada_ 'to collect, gather, hoard up'
PIE *gerbH 'to carve' = Arabic _qaras.a_ 'to nip', _qarah.a_ 'to
wound', _qarad.a_ 'to cut, to nibble', _qarasha_ 'to gnash, to nibble,
to chew', _qarama_ 'to gnaw', _qarat.a_ 'to cut into small pieces'
plus several quadriliterals.
PIE *gem 'to grab, grip; full' = Arabic _qamat.a_ 'bind together',
_qamaza_ 'take with the fingertips'
I must admit it was quite striking how often an Arabic reflex was
missing from the set of Afroasiatic reflexes given for Nostratic *k'.
Quite possibly there is something complicating going on there.
There are cases where the phonation does not match well - PIE *kost
'bone' compared to Arabic _qas.s._ 'breastbone', but the Arabic
sibilant does not match well with the rest of Afroasiatic and PIE
*kost is suspected of actually being an unexplained example of
laryngeal hardening.. PIE **gabH 'grasp' would fit well with Arabic
_qabad.a_ 'to seize, to receive' and its Afroasiatic cognates, but of
course the PIE word is actually **gHabH. (Bomhard does not offer this
as a cognate.)
Richard.