--- Jens Elmegård Rasmussen <
elme@...> wrote:
> Do we have a pre-BSl. rule changing th to dh after
> sonant (or just
> liquid)? We find Slavic tvIrdU 'hard, compact'
> (Lith. restored
> tvìrtas), *vold- from *wolHt- (Lith valdy'ti, OCS
> vladoN 'dominate'),
But Germanic *wald- isn't a causative; it's much more likely that
*bal- 'strong' also was *val- (if borrowed and sometimes pronounced
according to PIE rules). Why would this *wolHt- end in Ht? Is it an
extension? If so, why not one in dh? Why no *H1r,H1t- > *H1r,th- for
'row'?
It's already been speculated that Latin tardus may come from 'firm >
steady > slow' and tH>d is impossible after r here in any theory. If
Baltic can change an adj. in -dos > -tos by analogy, then the origin
of that *-dos doesn't matter.
Why would *tl,xtos > tìltas have ana. d>t?
I gave a list of PIE words reconstructed with *-dos:
However, -idus is not from *-e-h1- + -to-. There are cognates in
other languages (where there's no tH>d).
I'd say stative verbs in *-èxY+ had adj. in *-(e)xYdó+ meaning
'being _'. So *xYruudhexYó+ > *xYruudheyó+ 'red' > rubeus, OCS
ryz^dI; *xYruudh(e)xYdó+ 'being red, blushing' > Early Irish ruidiud
'blush'
Latin retained the adj. meaning but Slavic turned most into abstract
nouns: OCS pravIda '*being straight > right'; Sb-Cr govedo '*cattle
adj. > head of cattle' (or maybe 'being alive > living being').
Nouns of being had tones mid-mid > (e)-(e); their adjectives with
tones mid-mid-high > (e)-(e)-ó so *xYre_udhe_xYdó+ > *xYru_udh_xY,dó+
optionally.
The sounds uu>u: and ii>i: in Baltic, Slavic; but uu>u+tone in most
others.
For (things of a) color/brightness:
*leukY-xY-dó+ '(thing) being bright' >
lu:cidus 'bright', OE li:getu 'lightning'
*xalbh-xY-dó+ 'being white' >
Lat albidus 'white', PGer *albitaz > ON elptr, OHG albiz 'swan'
*xYruudh-xY-dó+ 'being red, blushing' >
Early Irish ruidiud 'blush'
gYhel-xW+xYdó+ >
gYhel-xY-dxWó+ >
gYhel-xY-dwó+ 'being yellow > being bright (white)'
>
khelidwó:n 'swallow', Middle Irish gelbund 'sparrow'
If all this is right it seems to make the odd *gYhel-xW+xYdó+ >
khelidwó:n more likely (both words for birds based on color words in
*-xYdó+).
> and *wVrtho- > Lit. vardas, OPr.
> wirda-;
What would cause the different vowels?