--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "stlatos" <stlatos@...> wrote:
>
> --- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "tgpedersen" <tgpedersen@> wrote:
> > > This requires a very early split between the branches,
> > > with many later same (or sim.) changes shared between them
> > > due to close contact for a long period. I believe this is
> > > true since it's also needed to explain differences in other
> > > branches (such as Khowar which must be in close contact with
> > > Armenian during several early changes in that branch).
> > >
> >
> > Such as?
>
> I've already given my preliminary description of Khowar
> history; the similarities are complicated to describe
> since many of them depend on my specific theories. A few
> cognates should be enough to show odd shared elements
> for now:
>
> Arm. lezu; Kh. lingìni 'tongue'
>
> keank'; z^ùnu 'alive'
>
> c^'ork'; c^hór 'four'
>
> p'ok'r 'small'; phuk 'few'
I'll just write out a few rules devoid of context here:
d! > l
xW > N / _$w
metathesis (*pYuLtkós > *pYtuLkóz)
simplification (*kWetwóres > *kYetwórez > *c^twóreJ)
Here's a short selection from my earlier description of
Khowar (below). As you can see, there are over a hundred
(107) rules needed to describe the great changes that had
occured in prehistory. With more study (both of Khowar &
a reexamination of traditional reconstruction of Indo-Ir.
& other (in my theory) neighboring languages that all had
similar linguistic histories) the number of words I trace
back to PIE by now-known sound laws has greatly increased
& so there are correspondingly many more laws needed. As
for Armenian, I've done a lot of work (some with the help
of Khowar) in that branch also. So I must apologize, but
just ten words from PIE shown changing to Arm. and Khowar
might themselves require writing out and numbering over a
hundred rules. Of course, I'd probably also have to show
(or argue about) why or how I thought up the rules in the
first place.
dl_n^gHó- k^r._Ngó- eksk^r._Ngó-
dl_n^gHó- k^r._Ngó- ekk^r._Ngó- 3
dl_NgHó- k^r._Ngó- ekkr._Ngó- 4
dl._NgHó- k^r._Ngó- ekkr._Ngó- 6
dl._NgHó- tr._Ngó- ekkr._Ngó- 17
dl.uNgHó- tr.uNgó- ekkr.uNgó- 20
dl.uNgHó- tr.uNgó- ekr.uNgó- 21
dr.uNgHó- tr.uNgó- ekr.uNgó- 26
dr.uNgHá- tr.uNgá- akr.uNgá- 27
dr.uNgHá- r.uNgá- akr.uNgá- 32
dr.uNgá- r.uNgá- akr.uNgá- 35
druNgá- ruNgá- akr.uNgá- 37
druNgá- sruNgá- akr.uNgá- 38
druNgá- sruNgá- akr.0uNgá- 44
druNgá- sruNgá- akHr.uNgá- 46
druNgá- sruNgá- axr.uNgá- 48
druNgá- sruNgá- xr.uNgá- 51
drúNga- srúNga- xr.úNga- 58
drúNga- srúNga- hr.úNga- 62
drúNga- srúNga- r.úNga- 80
drúNga srúNga r.úNga 84
drúNg srúNg r.úNg 85
drúNg srúNg l.úNg 98
drúNg srúNg suruNg l.úNg 106
long, tall horn hornless
swésor.e- bHr.áxter.e- súxel xr._ghtó-
swésor.e- bHr.á:ter.e- súxel xr._ghtó- 2
swésor.e- bHr.á:ter.e- súxel. xr._ghtó- 6
swésor.e- bHr.á:ter.e- súxel. xr._ghsó- 7
swésor.e- bHr.á:ter.e- súxel. xr._ghs.ó- 8
swésor.e- bHr.á:ter.e- súxel. xr._gs.ó- 12
swésor.e- bHr.á:ter.e- súxel. xr._ks.ó- 13
swésor.e- bHr.á:ter.e- súxel. xur.ks.ó- 20
swésor.e- bHr.á:ter.e- súel. ur.ks.ó- 24
swésor.e- bHr.á:ter.e- súer. ur.ks.ó- 26
swásar.a- bHr.á:tar.a- súar. ur.ks.á- 27
swásar.a- br.á:tar.a- súar. ur.ks.á- 35
swásara- brá:tara- súar urks.á- 37
swásara- brá:tara- súar urká- 39
spásara- brá:tara- súar urká- 42
spásara- brá:tara- súar urxá- 53
spásara- brá:tara- súar orxá- 54
spásara- brá:tara- súar oxá- 55
spásara- brá:tara- súar oxsá- 56
ispásara- brá:tara- súar oxsá- 57
íspasara- brá:tra- súar óxsa- 58
íspasara- íspsara- brá:tra- súar óxsa- 59
íspasara- ísptsara- brá:tra- súar óxtsa- 61
íspasara- ísptsara- brá:tra- súar óhtsa- 62
íspasara- ísptsara- brá:tra- swár óhtsa- 63
íspasara- ísptsara- brá:tra- syár óhtsa- 65
íspasara- ísptsara- brá:dra- syár óhtsa- 69
íspasara- ísptsara- brá:rda- syár óhtsa- 72
íspasara- ísptsara- brá:rda- yár óhtsa- 77
íspasara- ísptsara- brá:rda- hyár óhtsa- 78
íspasara- ísptsara- brá:rda- yár óhtsa- 80
íspasara ísptsara brá:rda yár óhtsa 84
íspasar ísptsar brá:rd yár óhts 85
íspasar ísptsar brá:r yár óhts 87
ísposor ísptsor brá:r yór óhts 93
ísposor ísptsor brár yór óhts 94
isposór isptsór brár yór óhts 96
isposár isptsár brár yór óhts 103
isposár isptsár isprár 104
ispusár isptsár isprár 105
little sister brother sun bear